Effects of changing reference values on the interpretation of spirometry for rubber workers

López, Alex S.; Benavides, Vicente; Palacios, Mauricio

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.05.011

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Lack of provider awareness, time constraints, cost barriers and limited access contribute to low adoption of recommended protocols. Efforts to improve guideline-concordant screening and diagnostics for smoking-related illness could enable earlier detection, inform smoking cessation efforts with objective lung data, and reduce morbidity and mortality through expanded access to evidence-based protocols (López et al 2023).…”

Section: Screening and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and inflammation: elucidating mechanisms of smoking-attributable pathology for therapeutic targeting

Addissouky,

El Sayed,

Ali

et al. 2024

Bull Natl Res Cent

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Background Tobacco smoking remains a major preventable cause of disease and death worldwide. Combustible cigarettes release thousands of chemicals that can initiate inflammatory pathways leading to smoking-related illness. This review aims to synthesize current scientific knowledge on mechanisms of smoking-induced disease, epidemiological trends, and clinical strategies from recent literature. Main body of the abstract At the cellular level, cigarette smoke triggers oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing DNA damage. This provokes inflammatory signaling cascades mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), receptors like RAGE and TLRs, and downstream cytokines. Smoking also disrupts apoptosis and autophagy. In the lungs, oxidative stress and inflammation from smoking play central roles in COPD pathogenesis. Smoking-induced oxidative DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and impaired immunity combine to promote lung carcinogenesis. For cardiovascular disease, smoking triggers endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and atherogenesis through oxidized LDL and effects on nitric oxide and adhesion molecules. Short conclusion Given the unequivocal evidence of health risks, smoking cessation is critical to reducing preventable death and disability. Both counseling and pharmacotherapy have proven efficacy for quitting, but efficacy remains limited long-term. Emerging nicotine products like e-cigarettes have unknown impacts on cessation and population health. Comprehensive efforts encompassing prevention, screening, treatment innovation, harm reduction, and policy reform focused on curbing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality are warranted.

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Section: Screening and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%