Effects of Chemical Treatments and Controlled Atmospheres on Postharvest Nitrate‐nitrite Conversion in Spinach

Aworh, O. C.; Hicks, J. R.; Lee, Chang Yeol; Minotti, P. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb04084.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Nitrates accumulate with time when soil nitrate is not limiting. Workers at Cornell University (Aworh et al 1980) found that nitrate concentrations increased from seeding in spinach fertilized with 340 kg N/ha, but declined in unfertilized spinach. Minotti (Maynard et al 1976) found that nitrate concentrations in older celery petioles were about 2.8 times higher than in younger petioles and that older lettuce leaves had from the soil treated with urea.…”

Section: Nitrate Accumulation In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient use of nitrogen on crop land in the Northeast /

Barker¹

1980

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Bulletin 792 com grain yields with optimum soil regimes for water and fertilizer have been between 200 and 240 bu/ acre (12 to 15 tons/ha). These yields are only occasionally reached. For example, yields in research plots in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania have rarely exceeded the 200 bu/acre level. Among the nearly 2,000 entries in corn growing contests in Pennsylvania from 1968 to 1978, the 200 bu/acre level has been broken only twenty times, and the maximum yield reported was 239 bu/acre (15 tons/ha). A much more common maximum yield, and therefore yield goal, is about 180 bu/acre (11 to 12 tons/ha) in Pennsylvania and Maryland and 150 bu/acre (10 tons/ha) in New York and New England. It would be wasteful to attempt to fertilize corn for crop yields exceeding these yield goals, using present day production practices and genetic plant material. Crop yield goals for other common field crops in the Northeast are listed below: Yield Goal Crop Common Units Metric Units Corn silage 20 tons/acre 45 tons/ha Soybeans 40 bu/acre 2.7 tons/ha Millet 3 tons/acre 6.8 tons/ha Sudangrass 3 tons/acre 6.8 tons/ha Sorghum 5 tons/acre 1 1 .3 tons/ha Alfalfa 5.5 tons/acre 12.5 tons/ha Clover 3 tons/acre 6.8 tons/ha Crop Wheat Barley Oats Rye Yield Gool Common Units Metric Units 60 bu/acre 4.1 tons/ha 75 bu/acre 5.1 tons/ha 80 bu/acre 2.9 tons/ha 30 bu/acre 2.0 tons/ha Moisture and temperature are the principal limitations to yields on fertile, well-managed soils of the Northeast. A recent study for the feasibility of irrigation of corn in Pennsylvania (Kibler et al. 1977) concluded that supplemental irrigation would increase yields in one year out of two. In the sandy soils of the Maryland peninsula, water deficits limit maximum yields to 100 bu/acre (6.3 tons/ha). Cool temperatures, short growing season, and poorly drained soils limit maximum yields in many areas of the region to about 80 bu/acre (5 tons/ha). In most areas of the region, the maximum yield goals are rarely met, and most farmers, due to limitations in soil, climate and management, attain yields lower than the maximum. Thus, when the average good farmer uses yield goals in N management, crops will be produced more efficiently and fertilization will cause less pollution if yield goals are realistic for the soil and climatic zone. Fertilization to Meet Crop Production Goals Nitrogen Fert-ilizat-ion of Corn in the Amount' Ideally, the amount of fertilizer N applied to a corn crop is based on knowledge of plant needs, the amount of N that can be expected to be supplied by the soil, and a knowledge of fertilizer N efficiency under local conditions. Stanford (1973) expressed this in a formula N, = (Np-NJ/E, where Nf = N fertilizer to apply, Np = plant N uptake, Ns = N supplied by the soil, and E is efficiency of fertilizer N (i.e., the fraction of N fertilizer that becomes part of Np).

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Section: Nitrate Accumulation In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient use of nitrogen on crop land in the Northeast /

Barker¹

1980

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The Effect of Controlled‐Atmosphere Storage on the Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables

Weichmann¹

1986

Horticultural Reviews

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Mesophilic Aerobic Population of Fresh‐cut Spinach as Affected by Chemical Treatment and Type of Packaging Film

Piagentini

Güemes

Pirovani

2003

Journal of Food Science

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Fresh-cut spinach was treated with citric acid and ascorbic acid solutions and packaged in monooriented polypropylene bags or low-density polyethylene bags. Response surface methodology was used to study the simultaneous effect of chemical treatment and refrigerated storage time on headspace gas composition, mesophilic aerobic population (AP), and pH of fresh-cut spinach. Type of film affected %CO 2 , %O 2 , and pH but did not influence AP. Chemical treatment reduced initial pH values and initial microbial counts. AP and pH increased during refrigerated storage. The model developed for AP enabled finding acid concentrations that lowered AP below any proposed microbiological criterion at production and consumption stages of fresh-cut spinach stored at 4 °C.

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Effects of Chemical Treatments and Controlled Atmospheres on Postharvest Nitrate‐nitrite Conversion in Spinach

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Efficient use of nitrogen on crop land in the Northeast /

Efficient use of nitrogen on crop land in the Northeast /

The Effect of Controlled‐Atmosphere Storage on the Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Fruits and Vegetables

Mesophilic Aerobic Population of Fresh‐cut Spinach as Affected by Chemical Treatment and Type of Packaging Film

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