Effects of chemically spiked sediments on estuarine benthic communities: a controlled mesocosm study

Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Pennington, Paul L.; Cooksey, Cynthia; Key, Peter B.; DeLorenzo, Marie E.; Wirth, Edward

doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0737-0

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…If dynamics in sediment concentrations were also measured, in most studies this was not carried out in different sediment layers and in both solid and aqueous phases. In the open literature, we found only one example of a sediment-spiked outdoor microcosm/mesocosm experiment with a focus on estuarine/marine test systems and responses to a contaminant mixture (copper, pyrene and DDT) on the colonisation of the sediment compartment by benthic macroinvertebrates (Balthis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Micro-/mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

2015

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR Panel) was tasked to revise the Guidance Document (GD) on Aquatic Ecotoxicology under Council Directive 91/414/EEC (SANCO/3268/2001 rev. 4 (final), 17 October 2002. This scientific opinion of the PPR Panel is the second of three requested deliverables within this mandate. The scientific background for the risk assessment on sediment organisms in edge-of-field surface waters is provided, with reference to benthic ecology and ecotoxicology, available test protocols and current knowledge on exposure and effects of sediment-bound plant protection products (PPPs). The scientific opinion provides approaches on how to derive regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for sediment organisms and exposure to active substances of PPPs and transformation products of these substances, and how to link them in a tiered approach to predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for the sediment compartment. A list of uncertainties in relation to such approaches is given. SUMMARYSediment Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a combination of exposure and effect assessment. Proposals for these assessments are provided. The opinion describes specific protection goals (SPGs) for sediment-inhabiting organisms based on two options (1) the ecological threshold option (ETO), accepting negligible population effects only, and (2) if applicable, the ecological recovery option (ERO), accepting some population-level effects if ecological recovery takes place within an acceptable time period.Triggers for sediment ecotoxicity testing are proposed together with a decision scheme for when additional testing may be required. The ecotoxicologically relevant concentrations (ERCs) for sediment organisms are proposed, as this will be influenced by the choice of sediment layer, exposure metric and test duration.The current Forum for the co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their use (FOCUS) methodology for surface water does not consider the effect of multi-year applications, which could possibly lead to accumulation of pesticides in sediment. To account for this deficit, a proposed methodology for introducing an accumulation factor that can be used until an updated FOCUS methodology becomes available is presented in this opinion. The accumulation factor can be considered a conservative approach, since it does not include any possible transport processes, such as leaching or volatilisation, which may reduce the accumulation in sediment in the real field situation.A tiered effect assessment approach is proposed for different sediment organisms and how to link regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) to predicted environmental concentration (PECs). The assessment of bioaccumulation, biomagnification and secondary poisoning is discussed, as well as the prospect of improving ERA for sediment microorganisms.Transformation products from active substances also may need to be assessed, as well as mixture toxicity of formulations of plant protection products (PPPs). The op...

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Section: Micro-/mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the open literature, we found only one example of a sediment-spiked outdoor microcosm/mesocosm experiment with a focus on estuarine/marine test systems and responses to a contaminant mixture (copper, pyrene and DDT) on the colonisation of the sediment compartment by benthic macroinvertebrates (Balthis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Micro-/mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

2015

EFS2

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“…The presence of chemical contaminants such as pesticides may alter aquatic community structure by decreasing the abundance of sensitive species and allowing others to become dominant (Balthis et al 2010;DeLorenzo et al 2001). In addition to causing direct toxicity, organic pesticides may also accumulate in fish tissues, where they may present a risk to consumers (Konwick et al 2006;Scott et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long-term monitoring study of chlorophyll, microbial contaminants, and pesticides in a coastal residential stormwater pond and its adjacent tidal creek

DeLorenzo

Thompson

Cooper³

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants in stormwater ponds can lead to water-quality problems including nutrient enrichment, chemical contamination, and bacterial contamination. This study presents 5 years of monitoring data assessing water quality of a residential subdivision pond and adjacent tidal creek in coastal South Carolina, USA. The stormwater pond is eutrophic, as described by elevated concentrations of chlorophyll and phosphorus, and experiences periodic cyanobacterial blooms. A maximum monthly average chlorophyll concentration of 318.75 μg/L was measured in the stormwater pond and 227.63 μg/L in the tidal creek. Fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) levels were measured in both the pond and the tidal creek that exceeded health and safety standards for safe recreational use. A maximum monthly average FCB level of 1,247 CFU/100 mL was measured in the stormwater pond and 12,850 CFU/100 mL in the tidal creek. In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were detected. Low concentrations of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D: ), a fungicide (chlorothalonil), and insecticides (pyrethroids and imidacloprid) were measured. Seasonal trends were identified, with the winter months having the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll and FCB. Statistical differences between the stormwater pond and the tidal creek were also noted within seasons. The tidal creek had higher FCB levels than the stormwater pond in the spring and summer, whereas the stormwater pond had higher chlorophyll levels than the tidal creek in the summer and fall seasons. Chlorophyll and FCB levels in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with monthly average temperature and total rainfall. Pesticide concentrations were also significantly correlated with temperature and rainfall. Pesticide concentrations in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with pesticide concentrations in the adjacent tidal creek. Chlorophyll and FCB levels in the tidal creek, however, were not significantly correlated with levels in the pond. While stormwater ponds are beneficial in controlling flooding, they may pose environmental and human health risks due to biological and chemical contamination. Management to reduce residential runoff may improve water quality in coastal stormwater ponds and their adjacent estuarine ecosystems.

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Methods for Deriving Pesticide Aquatic Life Criteria for Sediments

Fojut

Vasquez

Poulsen

et al. 2012

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 224

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In this review, we evaluated three main current approaches for deriving sediment quality guidelines: empirical, mechanistic (equilibrium partitioning), and spiked sediment toxicity testing approaches. Empirical approaches determine ranges of sediment concentrations that are likely or unlikely to cause toxicity, based on large datasets of matching sediment chemistry, field, and laboratory toxicity data. The empirical approaches are not suitable for determining SQC for specific pesticides because (I) direct cause-effect relationships between single sediment contaminants and toxicity cannot be discerned; (2) chemistry measurements have not accounted for bioavailability, which leads to numeric values with high uncertainty and low reliability; and (3) for many pesticides, little or no matching chemistry and toxicity data are available. In the EqP approach, SQC are derived by entering existing aquatic toxicity data into the equilibrium-partitioning model. This approach is practical for pesticides with water quality criteria in place, but the assumption of equilibrium in aquatic ecosystems is questionable, and the EqP approach neglects available sediment toxicity data. The SSTT approaches utilize sediment toxicity data, creating a scientifically defensible foundation for SQC, but experimental uncertainties regarding spiking technique and equilibration times are yet to be eliminated. The species sensitivity distribution approach generates criteria with confidence intervals, providing a measure of uncertainty, but requires relatively large datasets, whereas the assessment factor method lacks quantification of uncertainty but only requires few data to calculate conservative criteria. Several existing methodologies incorporate a combination of approaches that is dependent on data availability and the physicochemical properties of the compound of interest.A summary of the differences and similarities between key elements of the seven methodologies emphasized in this review is displayed in Table 6. One important element regarding sediment contamination is the incorporation of bioavailability and multiple exposure routes, which must be addressed to achieve a technically defensible methodology. It is crucial that bioavailability be incorporated in both criteria derivation and compliance determination (sampling) to ensure that data are comparable. Recent research on bioavailability of sediment contaminants has indicated that the freely dissolved pore water fraction corresponds well with uptake and toxicity. For species having significant exposure via ingestion of contaminated food and/or sediments and/or direct sediment contact, exposure may be underpredicted if these additional exposure routes are overlooked. Future SQC methodologies will be greatly improved by accounting for factors relevant for bioavailability and exposure pathways. To develop a completely new methodology, existing methodologies offer valuable building blocks that are well suited for adaptation. A new method will be more reliable and robust if it utilizes mor...

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Effects of chemically spiked sediments on estuarine benthic communities: a controlled mesocosm study

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

Scientific Opinion on the effect assessment for pesticides on sediment organisms in edge‐of‐field surface water

A long-term monitoring study of chlorophyll, microbial contaminants, and pesticides in a coastal residential stormwater pond and its adjacent tidal creek

Methods for Deriving Pesticide Aquatic Life Criteria for Sediments

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