“…Microorganisms represent a massive diversity, colonizing soil, animals, plants, and other habitats. − The development of high-throughput sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools have rapidly improved our understanding of the roles of microorganisms for hosts and ecosystems. , The interactions between plants and relevant microorganisms are crucial for host performance and resilience to ecosystem perturbations. , Plant microorganisms are defined by host species, plant endosphere compartment, and tissue location (e.g., root and leaf). , Many studies have demonstrated the role of rhizosphere microorganisms in promoting plant growth and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. − In the past decade or so, phyllosphere microorganism research has expanded rapidly, and there are several studies devoted to understanding phyllosphere microorganisms, especially the mechanisms by which plants control the phyllosphere microorganism assembly. ,− Furthermore, it was demonstrated that phyllosphere microorganisms influence host development, growth, immunity, nutrition, and fitness. ,− …”