Effects of chlorpromazine on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease in rats

Abstract

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a phenothiazine derivative, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of tumor neurosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis and bone resorption. TNF-alpha promotes inflammatory changes and bone resorption in periodontitis. We have studied the effect of CPZ in experimental periodontitis. Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the cervix of the right second upper molars. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by the sum of the distances between the cusp tip and the alveolar bone along the axis of each molar root, which was subtracted from the contralateral side. Histopathological analysis of the periodontium was based on cell influx, osteoclast number, and alveolar bone and cementum integrity. Animals were weighed daily and total and differential peripheral white blood cell counts were performed 6 h and 1, 7 and 11 d after periodontitis induction. Groups were treated with CPZ 1 h before and daily up to the 11th d of periodontitis. Alveolar bone loss was inhibited 46%, 55.4%, and 76.5% by CPZ at 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg, respectively. Histological analysis showed a significant reduction of cell influx and osteoclast number, as well as preservation of the alveolar process and cementum. CPZ reversed leukocytosis but not weight loss. In conclusion, CPZ reduces bone loss in experimental periodontitis, probably via TNF-alpha blockade.

Antioxidant effects of melatonin in heart tissue after induction of experimental periodontitis in rats

“…In addition to the heart tissues, maxillary samples were taken by decapitating the rats and separating the maxilla into halves along the sutura palatina after dissecting the muscles and soft tissues. The maxilla samples were then fixed with 10% formalin (33).…”

Inhibitory Effect of Chlorpromazine on RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

“…TFPZ inhibited osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophages (8). CPZ reduced alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontal disease in rats (9). These evidences suggest that phenothiazine derivatives inhibit not only osteoblastic function but also osteoclastic bone resorption.…”

“…In previous studies, the anti-bone resorbing effects of phenothiazines were observed in experimental periodontal disease in rats with a nylon thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molars in vivo (9) and in calvaria and isolated osteoclast cultures in vitro (5 -7). The bulk of these studies suggesting that the phenothiazine derivatives inhibited bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and the activity were not inconsistent with the present results.…”

Evaluation of the effect of an organic extract obtained from Ipomoea alba L. on experimental periodontitis in rats

“…The rationale for using this experimental period is based on previous investigations. 13,15,23 According to Lima et al, 23 placement of a ligature around the molar teeth of rats leads to the presence of inflammatory cells, including osteoclasts, beneath the ligature. These authors reported that the substantial alveolar bone loss originated on day 3 of periodontitis induction reached a maximum between days 7 and 11.…”