Effects of chlortetracycline and copper supplementation on the prevalence, distribution, and quantity of antimicrobial resistance genes in the fecal metagenome of weaned pigs

Agga, Getahun E.; Scott, H. M.; Vinasco, Javier; Nagaraja, T. G.; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.; Bai, Jianfa; Norby, Bo; Renter, David G.; Dritz, S. S.; Nelssen, Jim L.; Tokach, Mike D

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.008

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the beginning of the study, all faecal samples were positive for the selected resistance genes, although the piglets as well as their dams were never exposed to any antibiotics. A similar situation has been found in previous studies [28,29], which also reported the presence of background resistances in the absence of any antibiotic selective pressure. In our study, resistance gene copy numbers were higher in the pigs as in the sows (unpublished results) but decreased with time which might reflect age related differences in the microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

Wegl¹,

Rolinec²,

Nagl³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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The development of antibiotic resistance in livestock species is discussed as major threat to modern medicine. One potential strategy to battle resistance in animal production might be the application of feed additives with antimicrobial properties, such as organic acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an acidbased feed additive on antimicrobial resistance traits of faecal microbiota in weaning piglets and to compare the results to antibiotic intervention with oxytetracycline. Therefore, 24 pigs were allocated to three treatment groups, fed a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with either the antibiotic or the feed additive. Quantitative PCR was used to monitor the prevalence and quantity of frequently associated genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamide. The number of positive tested samples for tetB and sul1 decreased over time, with differences due to treatment. For all analysed genes, a decrease in log 10 mean antibiotic resistance gene copy numbers was observed in all groups on day 10 of the experiment. The mean tetA and tetB gene levels were significantly higher in the oxytetracycline group than in the other groups indicating selection for these antibiotic resistance genes. No effects of the applied feed additive on the quantity of selected antibiotic resistance genes in faeces were detected. In contrast, antibiotic treatment clearly effected antibiotic resistance gene level and prevalence. Results implicate that, in the long run, novel feed additives have the potential to minimise the role of livestock as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

Wegl¹,

Rolinec²,

Nagl³

et al. 2017

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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“…Slifierz et al (2014) observed increased prevalence and persistence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in post weaning piglets treated with high doses of dietary ZnO. The results of a study by Agga et al (2015) obtained on weaned pigs fed 3 weeks copper sulfate (125 mg Cu/kg feed) suggest that Cu supplementation may have significant impact on certain gens expression. The prolonged use of heavy metals such as Zn and Cu provides selective pressure on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and this is a reason why implementation of high doses of these metals may play a role in maintaining of antimicrobial resistance (Holman and Chenier 2015).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of pigs diet with zinc and copper as alternative to conventional antimicrobials

Debski¹

2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Modern commercial pig farming systems inflict increased stress in animals, which often leads to various negative changes in the gastro-intestinal tract, especially in the case of piglets. Ban of antibiotics, used as growth promoters, has caused a need for alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. Use of pre-/or probiotics, organic acids and plant extracts is often recommended, but it seems that zinc oxide and cooper salts, which were traditionally included in high doses to piglets diet, possess the highest efficacy. In commercial conditions feeding piglets with high doses of Zn and/or Cu stimulates piglets daily gain and decreases feed conversion factor. However, as heavy metals Zn and Cu tend to accumulate in soil and cause serious environmental pollution of soil and tap-water. Furthermore, high zinc concentrations (2500÷3000 mg/kg feed) in feed may have an impact on development of antimicrobial resistance, and may regulate the expression of genes that modify piglets' immune response. Therefore, the use of high doses of ZnO and/or Cu salts, as growth promoter, has always been a subject of discussion, and caused different legal status of such treatment in various EU countries. This short review describes current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) point of view on the use of ZnO in medicated feed. The higher bioavailability of recently introduced new sources or forms of these metals allows for substantial reduction of dietary inclusion rate, which should have a positive outcome for pigs health and the environment.

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“…Recently Agga et al (2015) reported higher presence of tet(A) gene but not tet(B) in the feces of post-weaning pigs that were fed chlorotetracycline (550 mg/kg; 477 feed). Others [12,[35][36][37] have reported that there are antimicrobial resistant determinants observed in guts even when the pigs were not exposed to antibiotics in modern production facilities.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiomes of Pigs Grown in Organic and Conventional Dietary Regimens

DebRoy¹,

Nv²,

Schilling³

et al. 2017

Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry

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Effects of chlortetracycline and copper supplementation on the prevalence, distribution, and quantity of antimicrobial resistance genes in the fecal metagenome of weaned pigs

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

Effect of oxytetracycline as well as an acid-based feed supplement on the prevalence and abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes in weaned piglets

Supplementation of pigs diet with zinc and copper as alternative to conventional antimicrobials

Gut Microbiomes of Pigs Grown in Organic and Conventional Dietary Regimens

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