Effects of cholesterol on the anionic magnetite nanoparticle-induced deformation and poration of giant lipid vesicles

Abstract

Cholesterol inhibits the anionic magnetite nanoparticles-induced deformation of charged and neutral giant lipid vesicles and lipid membrane poration of these vesicles.

Increase in anionic Fe3O4 nanoparticle-induced membrane poration and vesicle deformation due to membrane potential – an experimental study

“…This rapid leakage effect remains consistent with our current findings, suggesting that the interaction with NPs induces a similar outcome in terms of leakage behavior. 39,40 The primary objective of employing GrA was to induce the formation of ion channels within the lipid bilayer. These ion channels play a crucial role in creating a membrane potential across the lipid membrane.…”

“…39 When NPs adsorbed to the outer layer, stretching is generated in the membrane. 40 This stretching causes area mismatch between the inner and outer layers of the membrane, resulting in the deformation of vesicles (Fig. 8).…”

“…The author group has conducted a series of investigations on the impact of magnetite NPs on vesicle deformation and lipid membrane poration by varying the surface charge density, salt concentration, cholesterol levels in the membrane, and sugar concentration in the buffer. [38][39][40] All of these investigations were conducted in the absence of a membrane potential. To examine the electrostatic effects of NPs on the membranes, the mole percentage of charged lipid (e.g., DOPG) in DOPG/DOPC-GUVs was varied from 0% to 100%.…”

Effects of polyethylene glycol-grafted phospholipid on the anionic magnetite nanoparticles-induced deformation and poration in giant lipid vesicles

“…It is found experimentally that the pore formation time happened earlier for PEG-DOPE/DOPC (5/95)-GUVs compared to that of PEG-DOPE/DOPC (0/100)-GUVs (see Fig 6D ). Due to the interaction of anionic NPs with GUVs, the formation of pores in GUVs has been investigated in several experiments [ 53 , 55 ]. We can reasonably consider that the binding of NPs in the outer monolayer causes the inner monolayer to stretch, which results formation of pores in the membranes.…”

“…In several experiments, the use of various membrane-active agents (e.g., peptides, NPs, toxins) has been investigated to induce poration in the lipid membrane. This poration leads to the leakage or membranepermeation of the encapsulated fluorescent material from the inside to the outside of vesicles [52][53][54][55][56] The results indicate that the event of poration in GUV-membrane occurs in two stages; one is the adsorption of NPs on the membrane surface of the intact GUV, and the other is the formation of transmembrane nanopores through which the water-soluble fluorescent dye calcein leaks out from the inside of GUV. Thus, the NPs-induced poration in PEG-DOPE/ DOPC-GUVs obeys two-state transition model.…”