Effects of chromium picolinate on the viability of chick embryo fibroblast

Abstract

<jats:p> Chromium picolinate (CrPic), which is used as a nutritional supplement and to treat type 2 diabetes, has gained much attention because of its cytotoxicity. This study evaluated the effects of CrPic on the viability of the chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, morphological detection, and flow cytometry. The results show that lower concentrations of CrPic (8 and 16 μM) did not damage CEF viability ( p &gt; 0.05). However, higher CrPic concentrations (400 and 600 μM) indicated a highly significant effect on the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium ion concentration, and the apoptosis rate ( p &lt; 0.01), contrary to lower CrPic concentrations (8 and 16 μM) and control group. Moreover, apoptotic morphological changes induced by these processes in CEF were confirmed using Hoechst 33258 staining. Cell death induced by higher concentrations of CrPic was caused by an apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism, whereas the main mechanism of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was apoptotic death. </jats:p>

Dietary Trivalent Chromium Exposure Up-Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Coral Trout: The Evidence From Transcriptome Analysis

“…Furthermore, the deleterious effects of dietary CrPic supplementation have been confirmed in rats, including oxidative DNA damage (Andersson et al, 2007), increased lipid peroxidation (Refaie et al, 2009), and decreased antioxidative enzyme activity (Shafik et al, 2017). CrPic intake was also found to lead to oxidative damage in pigs (Tan et al, 2008), and apoptotic effects in chick embryo fibroblasts (Bai et al, 2014). In humans, in some cases, dietary Cr(III) may lead to Cr(III) accumulation in the kidneys (Stoecker, 1999).…”

Oxidative Stress and Hepatocellular Injury Induced by Oral Administration of Cr3+in Chicken

“…Excessive ROS, including singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and H 2 O 2 , is harmful to cells because of injuries to cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress . Moreover, Cr 3+ causes Cr‐induced carcinogenesis by forming a strong cross‐link with DNA and protein in the cell, resulting in genetic code changes and mutation . The lesions that result when metal complexes bind to the DNA alter interactions with proteins and disrupt normal cellular functions .…”