Effects of chronic administration of ephedrine during very-low-calorie diets on energy expenditure, protein metabolism and hormone levels in obese subjects

Abstract

1. We investigated the effects of the chronic administration of a sympathomimetic agent on energy expenditure, protein metabolism and levels of thyroid hormones and catecholamines in 10 obese subjects after a 6-week very-low-calorie-diet programme (1965 kJ, 60 g of protein, 45 g of carbohydrates). L-(-)-Ephedrine hydrochloride (50 mg three times a day by mouth) or placebo were administered during 2-week periods (weeks 2-5 of the VLCD programme) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Five subjects began with ephedrine and five with placebo. 2. The results were analysed separately in the two groups. No difference was found between them as regards weight loss during the very-low-calorie diet and drug treatments. Conversely, ephedrine therapy induced a significantly lower daily urinary excretion of nitrogen (and, consequently, a better nitrogen balance) with respect to placebo, independently of the drug sequence. Daily urinary levels of 3-methylhistidine during ephedrine and placebo treatments were similar. The fasting resting metabolic rate (oxygen consumption, ml STP/min) fell significantly during the very-low-calorie diet in both groups, but this effect was partially and significantly prevented by administration of ephedrine. Diet therapy significantly reduced 24 h urine levels of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid, which, however, increased to pretreatment values during ephedrine treatment. No significant effects were shown on 24 h urinary concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine during the very-low-calorie diet and/or ephedrine treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute effect of ephedrine on 24-h energy balance

“…Long-term studies have not necessarily translated to an increase in weight loss with the use of ephedrine [9][10][11][12]. These mixed results may in part be due to the complex actions of ephedrine, which may include central sympathetic activation [13], peripheral noradrenaline release [13,14], direct actions on adrenoreceptors [13], a decrease in appetite [15] (which could decrease caloric intake, causing a decrease in energy expenditure [16]) and an increase in spontaneous physical activity due to central sympathetic activation (which would increase energy expenditure [17]).…”

Management of obesity and cardiometabolic risk – role of phentermine/extended release topiramate

“…It is the most commonly prescribed appetite suppressant in the US. While the exact mechanism of action is unknown, phentermine acts centrally to induce appetite suppression through the upregulation of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin activity, and it has also been proposed to increase energy expenditure 14,15…”

Alternative Treatments for Weight Loss: A Critical Review

“…100,101 The efficacy of ephedrine alone is more questionable. [102][103][104] Ma huang is the Chinese name for the plant ephedra. Because ephedra contains ephedrine, ma huang is frequently marketed as a weight loss product.…”