Effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake, velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake, and peak velocity in recreational runners: a double-blinded, randomized and crossover study

Castro, Talitha Fernandes de; Manoel, Francisco de Assis; Figueiredo, Diogo Hilgemberg; Figueiredo, Diego Hilgemberg; Machado, Fabiana Andrade

doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04094-w

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…During running time trial (TT) performance tests in well trained endurance athletes, most studies [30,[32][33][34][35] have observed no change in performance over distances spanning 1.5-10 km after NO 3 − supplementation, but improved performance appears more likely over a shorter distance (1.5 km) compared to a longer distance (10 km) in this population after acute NO 3 − supplementation [36]. The effect of NO 3 − supplementation on running TT performance is less clear in recreationally active and moderately trained subjects with improvements in 3 km [32] and 5 km [37] performance having been observed in some studies, and no improvement in 5 km [36] and 10 km [38] performance having been observed in other studies. Therefore, further research is required to address the effect of NO 3 − supplementation on middle distance (<5 km) running TT performance in moderately trained subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Therefore, further research is required to address the effect of NO 3 − supplementation on middle distance (<5 km) running TT performance in moderately trained subjects. Moreover, since NO 3 − supplementation has been reported to improve performance over the first half, but not the second half, of a 10 km TT [38], and to improve 5 km performance by mostly enhancing performance in the latter stages on the TT [36], further research is required to address which phases of TT performance are most likely to be enhanced by NO 3 − supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

et al. 2021

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Purpose: To assess the effect of acute nitrate-rich (BJ) and nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice ingestion on 2 km running performance in amateur runners, and to what extent the ergogenic effect of BJ supplementation would be influenced by the sex of the participants; Methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners (14 males and 10 females) performed a 2 km time trial (TT) on an outdoor athletics track 2.5 h after ingesting either 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or PL. After the tests, blood [lactate] and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) related to the leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio) and general overall RPE (RPEgeneral) were assessed; Results: Compared to PL, BJ supplementation improved 2 km TT performance in both males (p < 0.05) with no supplement × sex interaction effect (p > 0.05). This improvement in 2 km running performance was a function of improved performance in the second 1 km split time in both males and females (p < 0.05). Supplementation with BJ did not alter post-exercise blood [lactate] (p > 0.05) but lowered RPEgeneral (p < 0.05); Conclusions: acute BJ supplementation improves 2 km running performance in amateur runners by enhancing performance over the second half of the TT and lowering RPEgeneral by a comparable magnitude in males and females.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, athletes source NO 3 − supplements from beetroot, such as beetroot juice or BR, to improve their aerobic performance [ 19 , 20 ]. One possible explanation for this ergogenic effect of NO 3 − may be an increase of NO which increases blood flow in muscle during exercise [ 21 , 22 ]. In this sense, supplementation with 0.5 L of juice 2 h before exercise appears to improve aerobic power in submaximal aerobic tests, optimizing the total time in a trial in trained cyclists [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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Citrulline (CIT) and nitrate-rich beetroot extract (BR) are ergogenic aids and nitric oxide (NO) precursors. In addition, both supplements seem to have other actions at the level of muscle metabolism that can benefit strength and aerobic power performance. Both supplements have been studied in numerous investigations in isolation. However, scientific evidence combining both supplements is scarce, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no current study of endurance athletes. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 9 weeks of CIT plus BR supplementation on maximal and endurance-strength performance and aerobic power in male triathletes. This study was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial where participants (n = 32) were randomized into four different groups: placebo group (PLG; n = 8), CIT plus BR group (CIT- BRG; 3 g/kg/day of CIT plus 3 mg/kg/day of nitrates (NO3−); n = 8), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/kg/day; n = 8) and BR group (BRG; 3 mg/kg/day of NO3−; n = 8). Before (T1) and after 9 weeks (T2), four physical condition tests were carried out in order to assess sport performance: the horizontal jump test (HJUMP), handgrip dynamometer test, 1-min abdominal tests (1-MAT) and finally, the Cooper test. Although, no significant interactions (time × supplementation groups) were found for the strength tests (p > 0.05), the CIT- BRG supplementation presented a trend on HJUMP and 1-MAT tests confirmed by significant increase between two study moments in CIT-BRG. Likewise, CIT-BRG presented significant interactions in the aerobic power test confirmed by this group’s improve estimated VO2max during the study with respect to the other study groups (p = 0.002; η2p = 0.418). In summary, supplementing with 3 g/day of CIT and 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO3−) for 9 weeks could increase maximal and endurance strength. Furthermore, when compared to CIT or BR supplementation alone, this combination improved performance in tests related to aerobic power.

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“…Additionally, several studies have found that BRJ improves exercise tolerance or rate of perceived exhaustion in normoxia (Aucouturier et al 2015;Bailey et al 2015;Balsalobre-Fern andez et al 2018;Breese et al 2013;Wylie, Kelly, Fulford, et al 2013) as well as hypoxia (Kelly et al 2014;Vanhatalo et al 2011). Other studies, however, have failed to show such an effect on oxidative stress (Carriker et al 2018), rate of fatigue or perceived exertion (de Castro, de Assis Manoel, et al 2019;Lee et al 2019).…”

Section: General Effects Of Brj On Skeletal Muscles and Oxygen Consummentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

Zamani

Joode

Hossein

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Beetroot juice (BRJ) has become increasingly popular amongst athletes aiming to improve sport performances. BRJ contains high concentrations of nitrate, which can be converted into nitric oxide (NO) after consumption. NO has various functions in the human body, including a vasodilatory effect, which reduces blood pressure and increases oxygen-and nutrient delivery to various organs. These effects indicate that BRJ may have relevant applications in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the consumption of BRJ also has an impact on oxygen delivery to skeletal muscles, muscle efficiency, tolerance and endurance and may thus have a positive impact on sports performances. Aside from the beneficial aspects of BRJ consumption, there may also be potential health risks. Drinking BRJ may easily increase nitrate intake above the acceptable daily intake, which is known to stimulate the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC's), a class of compounds that is known to be carcinogenic and that may also induce several other adverse effects. Compared to studies on the beneficial effects, the amount of data and literature on the negative effects of BRJ is rather limited, and should be increased in order to perform a balanced risk assessment.

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Effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake, velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake, and peak velocity in recreational runners: a double-blinded, randomized and crossover study

Cited by 12 publications

References 86 publications

Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

Combined Effects of Citrulline Plus Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Co-Supplementation on Maximal and Endurance-Strength and Aerobic Power in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The benefits and risks of beetroot juice consumption: a systematic review

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