Effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of lead acetate on heme synthesis and immune function in red-tailed hawks

Redig, Patrick T.; Lawler, Ellen M.; Schwartz, Samuel; Dunnette, Jean L.; Stephenson, Betty; Duke, Gary E.

doi:10.1007/bf01055559

Cited by 87 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Lead acetate treated group (T1) significantly (P<0.001) decreased red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values. Similar findings have been previously reported by Redig (1991). Development of anemia in lead toxicity may be attributed to the decreased red blood cell survival time because of the increased membrane fragility, reduced RBC count, decreased hemoglobin content or summation of all these factors (ATSDR, 1993).…”

Section: Effect Of Garlic On Serum Cholesterol In Lead Toxicity Inducsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) feed supplement on Hemato-Biochemical properties in broiler chickens with sub-clinical toxicity of lead

Hossain

Mostofa

Alam

et al. 2015

Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.

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The present study was conducted to estimate the garlic feed supplement on hematobiochemical parameters in lead exposed broiler chickens. 350 commercial broiler chickens were grouped into five, as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 consisting of 70 birds each, where T0 served as control. T1 was provided with lead acetate @ 100mg/kg body weight, T2 @ 100mg/kg lead acetate + 1% garlic supplement, T3 was fed @ 100mg/kg lead acetate + 2% garlic supplement and T4 @ 100mg/kg lead acetate + 4% garlic supplement .It was observed that Garlic supplementation in feed has got some ability to maintain normal values of erythrocytes, leukocytes, ALT, AST & Cholesterol parameters in spite of treatment with lead acetate. It was also found highly significant (P<0.001) in 2% garlic supplemented group (T3) compared to that of 1% (T2) and 4% (T4) garlic supplemented groups. The mean values of erythrocyte, Hb. and PCV significantly reduced from 2.217±0.020 to 2.062±0.047, 7.697±0.247 to 6.172±0.198 and 25.183±0.8122 to 23.532±1.001, respectively in group T1. The ameliorating effects of garlic in heavy metal lead revealed significantly (P<0.01) increased erythrocyte, hemoglobin and PCV values from 2.16±0.034 to 2.46±0.077, 8.362±0.262 to 10.44±0.26 and 23.64±0.90 to 30.68±0.75 in group T3, respectively. The mean values of ALT, AST and Cholesterol with lead Acetate @ 100mg/kg treatment were significantly (P<0.01) increased from 30.11±1.135 to 36.274±1.192, 51.162±1.422 to 103.641±2.023 and 152.34±17.47 to 364.28±12.33, respectively in T1 group on 42nd Day of treatment. The calculated significant mean values (mg/dl) of ALT, AST and Cholesterol were 24.51±0.63, 57.95±1.68 and 203.62±12.76, respectively in T3 group. The protection action of garlic against lead toxicity could be attributed to the antioxidant action of its sulfhydryl groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22364 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.1(1): 87-96, Dec 2014

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Section: Effect Of Garlic On Serum Cholesterol In Lead Toxicity Inducsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) feed supplement on Hemato-Biochemical properties in broiler chickens with sub-clinical toxicity of lead

Hossain

Mostofa

Alam

et al. 2015

Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.

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“…The median blood lead level detected at the time of death from individuals that died due to lead poisoning was 150 μg/dL (n = 9; range = 80-523 μg/dL). Gochfeld, 2005;Kelly and Kelly, 2005), immunity (Redig et al, 1991;Snoeijs et al, 2004), and physiology (Carpenter et al, 2003;Finkelstein et al, 2012;Gangoso et al, 2009). Sublethal effects of lead and its contributing effects on mortality and population viability in wild bird populations are likely more prevalent than we are able to determine from studies of free-flying populations.…”

Section: Threats To Survivalmentioning

confidence: 77%

Two decades of cumulative impacts to survivorship of endangered California condors in California

Kelly¹,

Rideout

Grantham

et al. 2015

Biological Conservation

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We investigated threats to the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), a flagship endangered species, using individual data on survival during a 20 year period of intensive recovery efforts. Over the two decades of reintroductions, condors in California had an estimated median survival time of 7.8 years suggesting that 50% of condors are expected to survive in the wild long enough to contribute to recruitment. In general, annual mortality rates exceeded levels necessary for a stable population; however, mortality declined, reaching levels needed for population stability, during the second decade of re-establishment. Intensive management practices, including utility pole aversion training and clinical interventions to prevent lead-related deaths likely contributed to the decrease in mortality rates. Utility line collision and/or electrocution was an important factor causing mortality over the two decades; though, this threat has largely been mitigated through management and targeted efforts in high-risk areas. In the past, wildfires were not considered a major threat to survival of freeflying condors. However, our analyses suggest that forest fires are significantly linked to the hazard of death, and increased wildfire activity in California highlights this population's vulnerability to catastrophic losses from forest fire. Lead poisoning, which was a major driver in the population's decline, was a leading cause of death accounting for the greatest adult mortality, and lead exposure remains the most significant threat. Recent lead ammunition reduction efforts in the condor range in California hold promise for improving the recovery potential for this population.

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“…It has been suggested that lead may induce the production of Zn-binding proteins (e.g., Zn-protoporphyrin and delta-aminolevulinic acid), rendering zinc unavailable for accumulating in feathers (Redig et al 1991). Although zinc levels in the feathers of M. apiaster from the contaminated site were lower than most values reported in literature, it is unlikely that this is due to such phenomenon, since the level of zinc was also low in the pellets from the contaminated site (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European bee-eater (Merops apiaster) populations under arsenic and metal stress: evaluation of exposure at a mining site

Lopes

Sedlmayr

Moreira‐Santos

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Two populations of the European bee-eater were studied, one living at a reference site and the other at a metal mining site. The concentration of arsenic and 11 metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was measured in feathers and regurgitated pellets collected at both sites. Cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead were at least twofold higher in feathers of birds from the contaminated site than in the reference site, suggesting that this population was exposed to higher metal levels. Similarly, levels of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, iron, and lead were also at least twofold higher in pellets from the contaminated area. The obtained results suggested that the impacted population of Merops apiaster is at risk due to the exposure to some metals.

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Effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of lead acetate on heme synthesis and immune function in red-tailed hawks

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) feed supplement on Hemato-Biochemical properties in broiler chickens with sub-clinical toxicity of lead

Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) feed supplement on Hemato-Biochemical properties in broiler chickens with sub-clinical toxicity of lead

Two decades of cumulative impacts to survivorship of endangered California condors in California

European bee-eater (Merops apiaster) populations under arsenic and metal stress: evaluation of exposure at a mining site

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