Effects of chronic marijuana use on driving performance

Doroudgar, Shadi; Chuang, Hannah Mae; Bohnert, Kimberly; Canedo, Joanne; Burrowes, Sahai; Perry, Paul J.

doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1501800

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Indeed, in a cross-sectional study, it was found that participants who used cannabis at least 4 times a week had slower mean speeds, and were relatively slower than the car in front of them, as compared to a group of infrequent cannabis users. (Doroudgar et al, 2018). The frequent users of cannabis also had mean blood THC levels above the legal cut-off of 5 nanograms/ml.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effects of therapeutic cannabis on simulated driving: A pilot study

Ciano¹,

Matamoros²,

Matheson³

et al. 2020

JCD

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Background: Although medical cannabis has been available to Canadians since 2001, there is little research on the effects of cannabis on driving in individuals who use cannabis medically. This pilot study sought to determine the effects of therapeutic cannabis use on simulated driving. Methods: Eligible participants reported daily use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes, with a medical authorization. Prior to the test session, participants were asked not to smoke their regular dose. Participants (n=14) completed self-report questionnaires, including subjective effects questionnaires (visual analog scales), the Addiction Research Centre Inventory (ARCI), and Profile of Mood States (POMS), and provided blood (for determination of THC and metabolites). They also drove a simulator both before and after smoking their usual daily dose of cannabis. Outcome measures on simulated driving consisted of overall mean speed, straightaway mean speed, straightaway lateral control, and brake latency. Speed and lateral control were also measured under cognitive load. Results: After smoking cannabis, overall mean speed was reduced. No effects of therapeutic cannabis were found on straightaway mean speed or straightaway lateral control for either condition (standard or cognitive load) or on brake latency. After smoking therapeutic cannabis in the lab, changes in speed and lateral control were negatively correlated with the amount of cannabis smoked per day. Prior to smoking therapeutic cannabis in the lab, under baseline conditions, speed and lateral control under cognitive load were also correlated with the amount of cannabis used per day. Therapeutic cannabis use increased subjective reports and blood levels of THC and metabolites. Conclusions: The present study suggests that, even with repeated daily use, cannabis consumption among therapeutic users may alter driving behavior. This has implications for road safety and use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The frequent users of cannabis also had mean blood THC levels above the legal cut-off of 5 nanograms/ml. Thus, detriments in baseline driving performance may be related to residual levels of THC, as the authors propose (Doroudgar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of therapeutic cannabis on simulated driving: A pilot study

Ciano¹,

Matamoros²,

Matheson³

et al. 2020

JCD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In one study ( 53 ), compared to healthy controls, chronic cannabis users hit more pedestrians, missed more stop signs, made fewer stops at red lights, drove faster, and made more centerline crossings. In another study, chronic cannabis users had slower reaction times, deviated less in their speed and drove slower than the car ahead ( 54 ). They did not differ in lane position, speed, car following, off-road accidents, collisions and pedestrians hit.…”

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis, Impaired Driving, and Road Safety: An Overview of Key Questions and Issues

2021

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The road safety impact of cannabis has been a topic of much discussion and debate over the years. These discussions have been revitalized in recent years by initiatives in several jurisdictions to legalize non-medical cannabis. Canada became the second country to legalize non-medical cannabis use in October, 2018, preceded by Uruguay in December 2013. Road safety concerns were key issues in the Canadian government's deliberations on the issue. In this paper, we identify several key questions related to the impact of cannabis on road safety, and provide a consideration of the relevant literature on these questions. These questions cover several perspectives. From an epidemiological perspective, perhaps the central question is whether cannabis use contributes to the chances of being involved in a collision. The answer to this question has evolved in recent years as the ability to conduct the relevant studies has evolved. A related question is the extent to which cannabis plays an important role in road safety, and recent research has made progress in estimating the collisions, injuries, and deaths that may be attributed to cannabis use. Several questions relate to the behavioral and pharmacological effects of cannabis. One central question is whether cannabis affects driving skills in ways that can increase the chances of being involved in a collision. Another important question is whether the effects of the drug on the driving behavior of medical users is similar to, or different from, the effects on non-medical users and whether there are sex differences in the pharmacological and behavioral effects of cannabis. Other important questions are the impact of tolerance to the effects of cannabis on road safety as well as different routes of administration (e.g., edibles, vaped). It remains unclear if there is a dose-response relationship of cannabis to changes in driving. These and other key questions and issues are identified and discussed in this paper.

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“…The SFST was originally designed to assist law enforcement officers in making roadside decisions for alcoholimpaired driving (97) and is found to be an accurate and reliable decision aid for discriminating between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) above and below 0.8 g/l (98). There are some studies that demonstrate clinical impairment on the SFST after intake of cannabis (99)(100)(101), and also to CNS stimulants and depressants and narcotic analgesics (102). The Drug Evaluation and Classification program (DEC) is a systematic and standardized procedure which involves a series of physical and psychomotor tests and concludes with the toxicological examination of a bodily fluid sample.…”

Section: Measurement Of Clinical Impairment Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

Hjelmeland

Gustavsen

Øiestad

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

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Vast intra- and interindividual differences in ZOBCR were found, and the correlation between OF and blood concentration was less pronounced than reported in former studies. In accordance with earlier studies we found a negative correlation between ZOBCR and OF volume. The ZOBCR decreases in relation to recent intake of a meal, probably because stimulated saliva production causes "dilution" of saliva. OF zopiclone concentration appeared unsuitable for estimation of blood zopiclone concentration. Due to long detection time, analysis of zopiclone in OF might be useful to detect non-recent, previous intake.

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Effects of chronic marijuana use on driving performance

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of therapeutic cannabis on simulated driving: A pilot study

Effects of therapeutic cannabis on simulated driving: A pilot study

Cannabis, Impaired Driving, and Road Safety: An Overview of Key Questions and Issues

Zopiclone concentrations in oral fluid and blood after, administration of therapeutic doses of zopiclone

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