Effects of chronic mild stress on GABAergic system in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus associated with cardiac autonomic activity

Bangsumruaj, Janpen; Kijtawornrat, Anusak; Kalandakanond-Thongsong, Sarinee

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113985

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It has been shown that stress can lead to arrhythmias and even sudden cardiac death in severe cases [ 13 ]. However, as no studies have been conducted in the electromagnetic field, ECG were examined on Days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after radiation in this study, and relevant HRV indices were calculated by frequency-domain and time-domain analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Yin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Electromagnetic waves are widely used in both military and civilian fields, which could cause long-term and high-power exposure to certain populations and may pose a health hazard. The aim of this study was to simulate the long-term and high-power working environment of workers using special electromagnetic radiation occupations to clarify the radiation-induced stress response and cardiac damage and thus gain insights into the mechanisms of injuries caused by electromagnetic radiation. In this study, the combination of microwave and stress was an innovative point, aiming to broaden the research direction with regard to the effect and mechanism of cardiac injury caused by radiation. The myocardial structure was observed by optical and transmission electron microscope, mitochondrial function was detected by flow cytometry, oxidative-stress markers were detected by microplate reader, serum stress hormone was detected by radioimmunoassay, and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by multichannel-physiological recorder. The rats were weighed and subjected to an open field experiment. Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect the expressions and distributions of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), p-JNK (phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase), HSF1 (heat shock factor), and NFATc4 (nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4). This study found that radiation could lead to the disorganization, fragmentation, and dissolution of myocardial fibers, severe mitochondrial cavitation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative-stress injury in myocardium, increase to stress hormone in serum, significant changes in HRV, and a slow gain in weight. The open field experiment indicated that the rats experienced anxiety and depression and had decreased exercise capacity after radiation. The expressions of JNK, p-JNK, HSF1, and NFATc4 in myocardial tissue were all increased. The above results suggested that 30 mW/cm2 of S-band microwave radiation for 35 min could cause both physiological and psychological stress damage in rats; the damage was related to the activation of the JNK pathway, which provided new ideas for research on protection from radiation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Yin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Changes in stress-induced GABA levels can furthermore be attributed to its synthesis, and transport. Glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and 65 (GAD67 and GAD65), which synthesize GABA from glutamic acid, is downregulated during periods of stress ( 34 , 36 , 37 ). Vesicular GABA transport (vGAT), which imports presynaptic GABA into vehicles, is also reduced following chronic stress ( 38 , 39 ).…”

Section: Stress Related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vesicular GABA transport (vGAT), which imports presynaptic GABA into vehicles, is also reduced following chronic stress ( 38 , 39 ). Finally, gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-1 (GAT-1), which is responsible for the reuptake of GABA, is increased after stress ( 36 ). Furthermore, these molecular alterations can result in a net decrease in GABA levels, potentiating the presence of stress-induced depolarizing GABA A R-mediated responses ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Stress Related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradoxical switch: the implications of excitatory GABAergic signaling in neurological disorders

McArdle,

Arnone,

Heaney

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the mature brain, inhibitory GABAergic signaling is critical in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and vital human behaviors such as cognition, emotion, and motivation. While classically known to inhibit neuronal function under physiological conditions, previous research indicates a paradoxical switch from inhibitory to excitatory GABAergic signaling that is implicated in several neurological disorders. Various mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the excitatory switch such as chloride ion dyshomeostasis, alterations in inhibitory receptor expression, and modifications in GABAergic synaptic plasticity. Of note, the hypothesized mechanisms underlying excitatory GABAergic signaling are highlighted in a number of neurodevelopmental, substance use, stress, and neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we present an updated review discussing the presence of excitatory GABAergic signaling in various neurological disorders, and their potential contributions towards disease pathology.

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“…The administration of GABAA receptor antagonist in the PVN increased renal sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, which means the antagonist could modulate sympathetic outflows, the immediate stress responding system [8]. Moreover, Bangsumruaj et al [9] found that chronic mild stress decreased the mRNA expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, and attenuated GABAergic transmission at the PVN. Therefore, GABA has received interest in its role in the neurotransmitter regulation induced by stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Bangsumruaj et al . [9] found that chronic mild stress decreased the mRNA expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65, a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, and attenuated GABAergic transmission at the PVN. Therefore, GABA has received interest in its role in the neurotransmitter regulation induced by stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased GABAergic projections in the paraventricular nucleus regulate colonic hypersensitivity via oxytocin in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

NeuroReport

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by gastrointestinal dysmotility and visceral hyperalgesia, and the impaired brain-gut axis is accepted as a crucial cause for the onset of IBS. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the adaptive changes in the central neural system induced by stress on IBSlike syndromes in rats. Long-term water avoidance stress (WAS) was used to prepare IBS animals. The changes in neuronal excitation and GABA expression were shown by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expressions of neurotransmitters were detected with Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal transit time, fecal moisture content, and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores of rats were recorded to monitor intestinal motility and visceral hyperalgesia. In the WAS-treated rats with enhanced intestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity, more GABAergic projections were found in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, which inhibited the firing rate of neurons and decreased the expression of oxytocin. Exogenous oxytocin improved gut motility and decreased AWR scores. The inhibition of oxytocin by the adaptive GABAergic projection in the PVN might be an important mediator of IBS, which indicates a potential novel therapeutic target.

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Effects of chronic mild stress on GABAergic system in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus associated with cardiac autonomic activity

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

A paradoxical switch: the implications of excitatory GABAergic signaling in neurological disorders

Increased GABAergic projections in the paraventricular nucleus regulate colonic hypersensitivity via oxytocin in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome

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