Effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption and novel environment on heart rate variability in primates (Macaca fascicularis)

Shively, Carol A.; Mietus, Joseph E.; Grant, Kathleen A.; Goldberger, Ary L.; Bennett, Allyson J.; Willard, Stephanie L.

doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0709-z

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Elevated cardiac output, increased HR, and decreased HR variability have been reported during acute alcohol withdrawal and during alcohol abstinence up to 4 weeks (Rechlin et al, 1996;Ingjaldsson et al, 2003;Bar et al, 2006;Thayer et al, 2006;Kahkonen and Bondarenko, 2000). Consistent with these human data, recent preclinical findings in nonhuman primates also indicate that chronic use of moderate levels of alcohol significantly increased HR, decreased HR variability, and altered HR responses to stress of a novel environment (Shively et al, 2007). This previous work along with the current findings indicate that chronic alcohol abuse and alcohol withdrawal are associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and decreased parasympathetic cardiac modulation, which could contribute to altered stress and cue-induced arousal during challenge conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Enhanced Negative Emotion and Alcohol Craving, and Altered Physiological Responses Following Stress and Cue Exposure in Alcohol Dependent Individuals

Sinha

Fox

Hong

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

409

383

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Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with changes in stress and reward pathways that could alter vulnerability to emotional stress and alcohol craving. This study examines whether chronic alcohol abuse is associated with altered stress and alcohol craving responses. Treatment-engaged, 28-day abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals (ADs; 6F/22M), and social drinkers (SDs; 10F/18M) were exposed to a brief guided imagery of a personalized stressful, alcohol-related and neutral-relaxing situation, one imagery condition per session, presented in random order across 3 days. Alcohol craving, anxiety and emotion ratings, behavioral distress responses, heart rate, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol measures were assessed. Alcohol patients showed significantly elevated basal heart rate and salivary cortisol levels. Stress and alcohol cue exposure each produced a significantly enhanced and persistent craving state in alcohol patients that was marked by increased anxiety, negative emotion, systolic blood pressure responses, and, in the case of alcohol cue, behavioral distress responses, as compared to SDs. Blunted stress-induced cortisol responses were observed in the AD compared to the SD group. These data are the first to document that stress and cue exposure induce a persistent negative emotion-related alcohol craving state in abstinent alcoholics accompanied by dysregulated HPA and physiological arousal responses. As laboratory models of stress and negative mood-induced alcohol craving are predictive of relapse outcomes, one implication of the current data is that treatments targeting decreases in stress and alcohol cue-induced craving and regulation of stress responses could be of benefit in improving alcohol relapse outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Enhanced Negative Emotion and Alcohol Craving, and Altered Physiological Responses Following Stress and Cue Exposure in Alcohol Dependent Individuals

Sinha

Fox

Hong

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

409

383

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Dramatic adaptations of the HPA axis akin to tolerance has also been demonstrated with regular and chronic alcohol abuse in animals (Zhou et al 2000;Richardson et al 2008) and in humans (Adinoff et al 1998(Adinoff et al , 2005Wand and Dobs 1991). Similarly, chronic alcohol-related changes in autonomic responses, particularly in parasympathetic vagal tone has also been documented in non-human primates (Shively et al 2007) and in humans (Ingjaldsson et al 2003;Rechlin et al 1996;Thayer et al 2006). These data are consistent with changes in peripheral stress pathways which parallel other basic science findings of alcohol-related adaptations in the extrahypothalamic corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) systems and the noradrenergic pathways that are consistent with an upregulated central CRF and noradrenergic pathways (Rasmussen et al 2006;Cleck and Blendy 2008;Koob and Kreek 2007;Koob 2009; also see Heilig et al 2010 for review).…”

Section: Chronic Alcohol-related Changes In Emotion Stress and Motivmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modeling Relapse Situations in the Human Laboratory

Sinha

2011

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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It is well known that alcoholism is a chronic relapsing illness. While stress significantly impacts alcoholism risk, there is also evidence that increasing levels of alcohol use affect peripheral and central stress and reward pathways thereby setting up a reciprocal relationship among the effects of alcohol consumption of the development, course of and recovery from alcoholism. This chapter reviews our efforts in assessing the integrity of stress pathways in alcoholism by examining whether altered responses of the stress pathways play a role in relapse risk. Using validated human laboratory procedures to model two of the most common situations that contribute to relapse risk, we review how such models in the laboratory can predict subsequent alcohol relapse. Empirical findings from human laboratory and brain imaging studies are reviewed to show that specific stress-related dysregulation accompanies the alcohol craving state in alcohol-dependent individuals, and such dysregulation along with increases in alcohol seeking are predictive of increased alcohol relapse risk. Finally, the significant implications of these findings for the development of novel treatment interventions that target stress processes and alcohol craving to improve alcoholism relapse outcomes are discussed.

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“…Second, nonhuman primates are similar to humans in showing wide individual differences in average voluntary daily ethanol consumption, with a significant proportion categorized as chronic heavy drinkers and voluntarily drinking ethanol to physical dependence (Cuzon-Carlson et al, 2011;Welsh et al, 2011). Third, macaques have relatively long life spans, allowing prolonged ethanol exposure (months to years) and enabling insight into mechanisms of long-term physiological adaptations, possibly modeling adverse biomedical outcomes of excessive alcohol consumption in humans (Cheng et al, 2010;Ivester et al, 2007;Shively et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeys that Voluntarily and Chronically Drink Alcohol Damage their Brains: a Longitudinal MRI Study

Kroenke

Rohlfing

Park

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Neuroimaging has consistently documented reductions in the brain tissue of alcoholics. Inability to control comorbidity, environmental insult, and nutritional deficiency, however, confound the ability to assess whether ethanol itself is neurotoxic. Here we report monkey oral ethanol self-administration combined with MR imaging to characterize brain changes over 15 months in 18 well-nourished rhesus macaques. Significant brain volume shrinkage occurred in the cerebral cortices of monkeys drinkingX3 g/kg ethanol/day (12 alcoholic drinks) at 6 months, and this persisted throughout the period of continuous access to ethanol. Correlation analyses revealed a cerebral cortical volumetric loss of B0.11% of the intracranial vault for each daily drink (0.25 g/kg), and selective vulnerability of cortical and noncortical brain regions. These results demonstrate for the first time a direct relation between oral ethanol intake and measures of decreased brain gray matter volume in vivo in primates. Notably, greater volume shrinkage occurred in monkeys with younger drinking onset that ultimately became heavier drinkers than monkeys with older drinking onset. The pattern of volumetric changes observed in nonhuman primates following 15 months of drinking suggests that cerebral cortical gray matter changes are the first macroscopic manifestation of chronic ethanol exposure in the brain.

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Effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption and novel environment on heart rate variability in primates (Macaca fascicularis)

Abstract: HR dynamics in monkeys rapidly respond to acute stress. Chronic moderate alcohol consumption may be deleterious to cardiac function. HR response to stress may be exaggerated when accompanied by a history of chronic moderate alcohol consumption.

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced Negative Emotion and Alcohol Craving, and Altered Physiological Responses Following Stress and Cue Exposure in Alcohol Dependent Individuals

Enhanced Negative Emotion and Alcohol Craving, and Altered Physiological Responses Following Stress and Cue Exposure in Alcohol Dependent Individuals

Modeling Relapse Situations in the Human Laboratory

Monkeys that Voluntarily and Chronically Drink Alcohol Damage their Brains: a Longitudinal MRI Study

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