Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity

Scott, Karen A.; Melhorn, Susan J.; Sakai, Randall R.

doi:10.1007/s13679-011-0006-3

Cited by 198 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

130

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…cognitions and affect. These processes also display a variety of sex differences, and there are well-developed methods to assess them in animals and humans (6,49,50,62,183,225,238,542,624,644,653,658,703,720). The study of interactions among such psychological processes and physiological sex differences in eating seem to us to be profitable avenues of investigation.…”

Section: R1247 Sex Differences In the Physiology Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of amounts eaten in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans. These controls result from interactions among genetic effects, organizational effects of reproductive hormones (i.e., permanent early developmental effects), and activational effects of these hormones (i.e., effects dependent on hormone levels). Male-female sex differences in the physiology of eating involve both organizational and activational effects of androgens and estrogens. An activational effect of estrogens decreases eating 1) during the periovulatory period of the ovarian cycle in rats, mice, monkeys, and women and 2) tonically between puberty and reproductive senescence or ovariectomy in rats and monkeys, sometimes in mice, and possibly in women. Estrogens acting on estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) in the caudal medial nucleus of the solitary tract appear to mediate these effects in rats. Androgens, prolactin, and other reproductive hormones also affect eating in rats. Sex differences in eating are mediated by alterations in orosensory capacity and hedonics, gastric mechanoreception, ghrelin, CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, insulin, amylin, apolipoprotein A-IV, fatty-acid oxidation, and leptin. The control of eating by central neurochemical signaling via serotonin, MSH, neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone, and dopamine is modulated by HPG function. Finally, sex differences in the physiology of eating may contribute to human obesity, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating. The variety and physiological importance of what has been learned so far warrant intensifying basic, translational, and clinical research on sex differences in eating.neuroendocrinology; estrogens; testosterone; eating disorders; obesity SEX DIFFERENCES ARE PERVASIVE in physiology and medicine (51,64,73,109,110,466,797,826). The controls of eating and energy homeostasis are no exceptions. It was observed approximately 100 years ago that removal of the ovaries leads to marked accretion of adipose tissue in rats (697), that daily food intake expressed as kilocalories per gram body weight differs between male and female rats (778), and that food intake varies regularly through the ovarian cycle in intact female rats (674, 779). Sex differences in eating have been the subject of physiological research ever since. The clinical relevance of this work is increasingly evident. In the United States, women are approximately threefold more vulnerable than men to psychiatric eating disorders (346,351) and approximately twofold more vulnerable to severe and morbid obesity (BMI Ն 35 and 40 kg/m 2 , respectively, mass/height 2 ) (226). Women also appear to suffer more from these disorders in terms of physical and psychological functioning and quality of life (24,84,273,292,465,531,762). The increased obesity burden suffered by women is reflected in the fact that Ͼ80% of bariatric surgery patients in the U...

show abstract

Section: R1247 Sex Differences In the Physiology Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Asarian

Geary²

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

414

349

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Difficulties in interpersonal functioning can lead to social stress, consequently increasing one's vulnerability to emotional overeating (Scott et al, 2012). Hence, it seems plausible attachment-anxiety may be an important predictor of emotional eating, which has been supported in previous empirical literature.…”

Section: Perceived Hunger As a Mediator Between Attachment-anxiety Anmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Psychological factors associated with emotional eating include: A preoccupied attachment disposition (Suldo and Sandberg, 2000), attachment-related anxiety (Scott et al, 2012), psychopathology (Goossens et al, 2009;Ouwens et al, 2009) and perceived hunger (Alexander and Siegel, 2013). However, these variables are yet to be collectively investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL EATING: THE ROLE OF ATTACHMENT, PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISTRESS, LOVE ATTITUDES and PERCEIVED HUNGER

Stapleton¹,

Mackay²

2014

Current Research in Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aimed to investigate the psychological determinants of emotional eating in a national and international sample of healthy weight, overweight and obese adults (N = 226). Specifically, attachment styles, psychopathological symptom distress and love attitudes were explored for their ability to predict emotional eating. Findings supported the suggestion symptom distress may particularly predispose individuals to engaging in emotionally motivated overeating, with a large effect size observed. Preoccupied attachment was also a significant predictor of emotion eating, even after controlling for state-based inferences. However, there were no significant contributions of secure, fearful-avoidant, or dismissiveavoidant attachment style in the prediction of emotional eating. Similarly, none of the five primary love languages (e.g., words of affirmation, physical touch, receiving gifts and physical touch) accounted for a significant amount of variance in emotional eating. A mediating role of perceived hunger in the prediction of emotional eating from attachment-anxiety was also observed. Contributions and limitations of the present study, as well as recommendations for future research are also discussed.

show abstract

“…In concordance with animal studies, severe stress appears to decrease energy intake, while milder forms of stress increases energy intake [17]. A recent review by Scott et al elegantly describes the role of psychosocial stress in the development of obesity, in particular the role of social stress, which is found in the workplace in humans and in subordination models in animals [18]. Additionally, more recently, one type of stress has gained a lot of attention in the scientific community, namely sleep deprivation.…”

Section: Hpa Axis Functioning and Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 73%

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Obesity, and Chronic Stress Exposure: Foods and HPA Axis

Rutters

Fleur²,

Lemmens

et al. 2012

Curr Obes Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide to epidemic proportions. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and chronic stress exposure are hypothesized to contribute to obesity development. In this review, we discuss the potential role of the HPA axis for energy balance regulation, with particular attention to energy intake. We present evidence from human and animal studies that highlight the bidirectional relationship between HPA axis functioning and energy intake. Of particular interest is the association between dysregulation of the HPA axis and altered homeostatic and non-homeostatic food intake regulation. Lastly, we discuss a model depicting a role for a hyperactive HPA axis in overeating and the development of obesity, suggesting chronic stress as a major risk factor for excessive weight gain and (visceral) obesity.

show abstract

Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity

Cited by 198 publications

References 90 publications

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

Sex differences in the physiology of eating

PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONAL EATING: THE ROLE OF ATTACHMENT, PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOM DISTRESS, LOVE ATTITUDES and PERCEIVED HUNGER

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Obesity, and Chronic Stress Exposure: Foods and HPA Axis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About