Effects of chronic stress on food acquisition, plasma hormones, and the estrous cycle of female rats

Anderson, Shannon W.; Saviolakis, George A.; Bauman, Richard A.; Chu, Kevin Y.; Ghosh, Soma; Kant, G.Jean

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(96)00023-6

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is two to three times higher in women, and this is not fully accounted for by longevity or level of education (18,21,371). Once diagnosed, women display a rate of cognitive decline that is steeper compared to men (8,611).…”

Section: Estrogens and Androgens And Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 96%

Sex Hormones and Cognition: Neuroendocrine Influences on Memory and Learning

Hamson

Roes

Galea

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

173

110

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Sex differences in neurological disease exist in incidence, severity, progression, and symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in neuropsychiatric disease with men showing greater cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, but women showing more severe dementia and cognitive decline with Alzheimer's disease. Although there are no overall differences in intelligence between the sexes, men, and women demonstrate slight but consistent differences in a number of cognitive domains. These include a male advantage, on average, in some types of spatial abilities and a female advantage on some measures of verbal fluency and memory. Sex differences in traits or behaviors generally indicate the involvement of sex hormones, such as androgens and estrogens. We review the literature on whether adult levels of testosterone and estradiol influence spatial ability in both males and females from rodent models to humans. We also include information on estrogens and their ability to modulate verbal memory in men and women. Estrone and progestins are common components of hormone therapies, and we also review the existing literature concerning their effects on cognition. We also review the sex differences in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex as they relate to cognitive performance in both rodents and humans. There has been greater recognition in the scientific literature that it is important to study both sexes and also to analyze study findings with sex as a variable. Only by examining these sex differences can we progress to finding treatments that will improve the cognitive health of both men and women. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1295-1337, 2016.

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Section: Estrogens and Androgens And Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 96%

Sex Hormones and Cognition: Neuroendocrine Influences on Memory and Learning

Hamson

Roes

Galea

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

173

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Multiple and variable stressors rather than a single homotypical stress challenge was used to more closely mimic the human experience across the life span. For female offspring, stress challenges were carried out during the diestrus I phase of the sexual cycle to assure constant and low estrogen levels, since fluctuations in hormones can interfere with endogenous and released corticosterone, and stress responsiveness can vary with stage of the estrous cycle (Viau and Meaney 1991;Anderson et al 1996).…”

Section: Offspring Stress Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS effects of developmental Pb exposure are enhanced by combined maternal and offspring stress

et al. 2008

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Lead (Pb) exposure and elevated stress are co-occurring risk factors. Both impact brain mesolimbic dopamine/glutamate systems involved in cognitive functions. We previously found that maternal stress can potentiate Pb-related adverse effects in offspring at blood Pb levels averaging approximately 40 ug/dl. The current study of combined Pb exposure and stress sought to extend those results to lower levels of Pb exposure, and to examine relationships among consequences in offspring for Fixed Interval (FI) schedule-controlled behavior, neurochemistry and corticosterone levels. Dams were exposed to maternal Pb beginning 2 mos prior to breeding (0, 50 or 150 ppm in drinking water), maternal restraint stress on gestational days 16 and 17 (MS), or the combination. In addition, a subset of offspring from each resultant treatment group was also exposed intermittently to variable stressors as adults (MS+OS). Marked "Pb-stress"-related increases in response rates on a Fixed Interval schedule, a behavioral performance with demonstrated sensitivity to Pb, occurred preferentially in female offspring even at mean blood Pb levels of 11 ug/dl when 50 ppm Pb was combined with maternal and offspring stress. Greater sensitivity of females to frontal cortex catecholamine changes may contribute to the elevated FI response rates as mesocorticolimbic systems are critical to the mediation of this behavior. Basal and final corticosterone levels of offspring used to evaluate FI performance differed significantly from those of non-behaviorally tested (NFI) littermates, demonstrating that purported mechanisms of Pb, stress or Pb/stress effects determined in nonbehaviorally trained animals cannot necessarily be generalized to animals with behavioral histories. Finally, the persistent and permanent consequences of Pb, stress and Pb+stress in offspring of both genders suggest that Pb screening programs should include pregnant women at risk for elevated Pb exposure, and that stress should be considered as an additional risk factor. Pb+stress effects observed in the absence of either risk factor alone (i.e., potentiated effects) raise questions about the capacity of current hazard identification approaches to adequately identify human health risks posed by neurotoxicants.

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“…No Labirinto aquático de Morris, no Proestro, há um melhor desempenho na tarefa com dicas, com o animal apresentando menor latência para encontrar a plataforma, enquanto, no Estro, há uma melhora na aprendizagem espacial, ou seja, na capacidade de aprendizagem de local (Warren & Juraska, 1997). O estado hormonal também atenua a analgesia induzida durante o Estro (Ryan & Maier, 1988), mas parece não alterar a aquisição de comportamento alimentar gerado por estresse crônico (Anderson, Saviolaskis, Bauman, Chu, Ghosh & Kant, 1996), embora altere a ingestão alimentar a longo prazo (Laviano, Meguid, Gleason, Yang & Renvyle, 1996). Além disso, a reatividade do paladar também é dependente do ciclo, aumentando no Proestro e no Diestro (Clarke & Ossenkopp, 1998), e a resposta do beber induzido por insulina, de forma fase-dependente, ou seja, o índice medido (beber) varia não somente com a dose do hormônio (insulina) mas também com a fase do ciclo na qual o sujeito se encontra (Fernandez-Trisac, Brime, López-Sela, Sanches-Garrido, Costales, Argüelles & Vijande, 1998).…”

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Influências do ciclo estral sobre o desempenho de ratos no labirinto em cruz elevado

Júnior¹,

Morato²

2002

Inter. Psicol.

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ResumoO Labirinto em cruz elevado é um dos mais populares modelos animais para estudo da ansiedade. Esta pode ser influenciada por fatores fisiológicos como o ciclo hormonal das fêmeas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar as influências do ciclo estral no comportamento exploratório de ratas no Labirinto em cruz elevado. Setenta animais (13 machos e 61 fêmeas) foram utilizados. As fêmeas tiveram seu ciclo estral mapeado e os animais foram testados segundo a fase do ciclo em que se encontravam, gerando, além do grupo Machos, 3 grupos de fêmeas: Proestro (N = 23), Estro (N = 19) e Diestro (N = 19). Cada animal foi submetido a uma única sessão de 5 min. no Labirinto. Os resultados indicam diferenças significativas entre o grupo de machos e o de fêmeas no Diestro quanto à porcentagem de tempo gasto nos braços abertos, mas não quanto à percentagem de entradas nos mesmo. Palavras-chave: ciclo estral; ansiedade; labirinto em cruz elevado. Abstract Effects of Estrous cycle on the behavior in the elevated plus mazeThe Elevated plus maze is one of the most popular models to study animal anxiety. Anxiety can be influenced by physiological factors, such as the hormonal state. The aim of the present work is to investigate the relationship between estrus cycle and rat exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze. The study made use of male (n = 13) and female rats (n = 61). The females had their estral phase identified and were divided into 3 groups according to their hormonal state: Proestrus (N = 23), Estrous (N = 19) and Diestrous (N = 19). All animals were submitted to a 5-min session in the elevated plus maze. The data indicate differences between the diestrus group and male group in the percentage of time spent in the open arms, but do not in the percentage of entries.

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Effects of chronic stress on food acquisition, plasma hormones, and the estrous cycle of female rats

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Sex Hormones and Cognition: Neuroendocrine Influences on Memory and Learning

Sex Hormones and Cognition: Neuroendocrine Influences on Memory and Learning

CNS effects of developmental Pb exposure are enhanced by combined maternal and offspring stress

Influências do ciclo estral sobre o desempenho de ratos no labirinto em cruz elevado

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