Effects of chronic typical and atypical antipsychotic drug treatment on maternal behavior in rats

Chronic treatment with olanzapine via a novel infusion pump induces adiposity in male rats

“…In their chronic infusion studies, for example, serum olanzapine concentration was 100.5 ± 20 ng/mL at 4 days (7.5 mg/kg/day) (van der Zwaal et al, 2008), which is less than 20% of that measured in the present study (at 3 weeks, 604 ± 168 ng/mL, olanzapine: 6.3 ± 0.08 mg/kg/day subcutaneous infusion). In the present study, olanzapine concentrations at all time points were higher and more stable than in any other reports (Choi et al, 2007;Li et al, 2005;Seager et al, 2005;Turrone et al, 2005;van der Zwaal et al, 2008).…”

Effects of novel antipsychotics, amisulpiride and aripiprazole, on maternal behavior in rats

“…It only inhibited nest building, which according to our previous observation (Li et al 2004(Li et al , 2005, is the component of rat maternal behavior most vulnerable to pharmacological disturbance. For example, haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) disrupted nest building at the 24-h point when it had lost its effects on other components of maternal behavior.…”

“…We are also not aware of any studies that have examined the effects of these drugs on other types of social behaviors (e.g., social interaction, sexual behavior). Certainly, most typical and atypical APDs generally display a disruptive effect on social interaction and active sexual behaviors (Hansen et al 1981;Holloway and Thor 1985;Li et al 2001;Phillips 1989, 1991), which parallels the effects of these drugs on maternal behaviors (Li et al 2004(Li et al , 2005. These findings, along with our present data, are consistent with clinical observations showing that antipsychotics interfere with human maternal behavior and sexual function (Fleischhacker et al 1994;Hummer et al 1999) and suggest that the disruptive effects of these APDs on maternal behavior may represent an unwanted side effect, bearing some similarities to the neurolepticinduced deficit syndrome (NIDS) (Awad 1993;Awad and Hogan 1994).…”

“…The disruptive effects of the high dose of amisulpiride (100 mg/kg) on active components of maternal behavior (pup retrieval and nest building) resemble those of other APDs. It has been shown that acutely administered typical APDs, such as haloperidol and pimozide, as well as atypical APDs, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine disrupt pup retrieval, pup licking, and nest building (Giordano et al 1990;Hansen et al 1991;Li et al 2004Li et al , 2005Silva et al 2001;Stern and Keer 1999;Stern and Taylor 1991). These effects are probably due to blockade of postsynaptic dopamine D 2 receptors because this is the only common property shared by all these antipsychotics (Kapur and Mamo 2003).…”

“…They also spend less time licking their offspring and building a nest. Chronic treatment with haloperidol or olanzapine via minipumps or repeated daily injections also significantly inhibits rat active maternal responses (Li et al 2005). Evidence currently available suggests that the APD-induced disruption on pup retrieval, pup licking, and nest building might be an inherent feature of all APDs (tested to date), regardless of whether they are typical or atypical antipsychotics or whether they are administered acutely or chronically.…”