Effects of Chrysin on mRNA Expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Receptors in the Raphe Nuclei and Hippocampus

Considerations of Pool Dimensions in the Forced Swim Test in Predicting the Potential Antidepressant Activity of Drugs

“…injection of 1 mg/kg chrysin in male Wistar rats was evaluated in this pool (Germán-Ponciano et al, 2020). One limitation of this small rectangular pool, however, was that LI was not influenced by chrysin, whereas this same doses of chrysin significantly reduced TTI and increased LI in a larger rectangular pool (Cueto-Escobedo et al, 2020;Germán-Ponciano et al, 2021). These findings indicate that pool dimensions can influence behavioral variables that are used to detect the potential antidepressant activity of drugs.…”

“…These doses were ineffective in the cylindrical pool. Long-term studies with a rectangular pool found a decrease in TTI and increase in LI that were produced by 1 mg/kg fluoxetine from day 7 to day 14 of treatment, and this effect persisted until days 21 and 28 of treatment (Lozano-Hernández et al, 2010;Rodríguez-Landa et al, 2018;Germán-Ponciano et al, 2021). The acute administration of 5 mg/kg fluoxetine 24 and 2 h before the FST significantly reduced TTI in a rectangular pool and increased LI (Rodríguez-Landa et al, 2020), a variable that was not evaluated in the cylindrical pool (Estrada-Camarena et al, 2003).…”

Pharmacological, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying the Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin

“…In vitro and in vivo studies on the pharmacological action of the flavonoid chrysin have identified multiple effects of it on different systems in the organism [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], including the central nervous system (CNS). Chrysin exerts a neuropharmacological effect in brain structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus (HP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and raphe nucleus, which are involved in the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The effects include the activation of the GABAergic system by modulating the GABA A /benzodiazepine receptor complex [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]; changes in serotonin levels and modification in the expression of their receptors, such as 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A in the raphe nucleus and HP [ 13 , 18 ]; and restoration of dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the CNS [ 12 , 19 ].…”

“…Chrysin exerts a neuropharmacological effect in brain structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus (HP), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and raphe nucleus, which are involved in the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The effects include the activation of the GABAergic system by modulating the GABA A /benzodiazepine receptor complex [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]; changes in serotonin levels and modification in the expression of their receptors, such as 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A in the raphe nucleus and HP [ 13 , 18 ]; and restoration of dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the CNS [ 12 , 19 ]. In addition, chrysin activates neurotrophic factors that increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, thereby activating signaling pathways in the brain [ 11 , 20 ].…”

GABAA/Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex in the Dorsal Hippocampus Mediates the Effects of Chrysin on Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Female Rats

“…Such effects are blocked by gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA A ) receptor complex antagonists, suggesting that chrysin shares similar mechanisms of action with anxiolytic drugs and neurosteroids ( Crocetti and Guerrini, 2020 ). This flavonoid exerts neurochemical and neurotrophic effects in brain structures involved in the neurobiology of anxiety and depression, such as the prefrontal cortex and limbic cortex ( Filho et al, 2015 ; Germán-Ponciano et al, 2021 ).…”