Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Its Cessation on Body Weight, Food Intake and Circulating Leptin, and Ghrelin Levels in the Rat

Ypsilantis, Petros; Politou, Maria; Anagnostopoulos, Constantinos; Tsigalou, Christina; Kambouromiti, Georgia; Kortsaris, Alexandros; Simopoulos, Constantinos

doi:10.1093/ntr/nts113

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…1) and other metabolic and endocrine effects. Some of the mechanisms by which nicotine causes weight loss include: direct stimulation of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4-R), which results in reduced food consumption 28 and serum levels of leptin 29,30 ; increased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which results in increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline 31 (FIG. 1); lipolysis 32 (FIG.…”

Section: Nicotine-mediated Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of smoking cessation

2016

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Smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable death in the USA, despite the vast and widely publicized knowledge about the negative health effects of tobacco smoking. Data show that smoking cessation is often accompanied by weight gain and an improvement in insulin sensitivity over time. However, paradoxically, post-cessation-related obesity might contribute to insulin resistance. Furthermore, post-cessation weight gain is reportedly the number one reason why smokers, especially women, fail to initiate smoking cessation or relapse after initiating smoking cessation. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic effects of stopping smoking and highlight future considerations for smoking cessation programs and therapies to be designed with an emphasis on reducing post-cessation weight gain.

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Section: Nicotine-mediated Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of smoking cessation

2016

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“…The experimental animals were exposed to the cigarette smoke in the chamber, a glass box in a cube shape (aquarium shape) with the size of 30 × 40 × 80 cm for keeping the rats and a hood over the aquariumshaped box to evacuate the extra smoke from the environment ( Figure 1) described by Ypsilantis et al 2012. 15 Animals were daily exposed to cigarette smoke (2-3 cigarettes) for total duration of 30 min (with intermittent exposure to fresh air for 2 min after every 10 min of smoke exposure). At the end of each week of exposue, the changes in the behavior were studied by using the forced swim test and elevated plus maze.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative Effect of Salvadora persica (Miswak) on Cigarette Smoke Induced Anxiety and Depression in Rats

Rabbani

2020

IJPI

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Objectives:The aim of the study is to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Salvadora persica in cigarette smoke-induced neurobehavior changes in rats. Methods: The lyophilized decoction of Salvadora persica (S. persica) was administered daily for four weeks by oral route at the doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to the cigarette smoke exposed rats. The depression and anxiety studies were done by forced swim test and elevated plus maze test, respectively. The serum levels of monoamine oxidase-A and relative brain weight were also determined. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncans' multiple range tests. p<0.05 was considered to indicate the significance of results. Results: The observation from the study indicated that exposure of cigarette smoke for eight weeks significantly (p<0.01) enhanced the experimental parameters of depression and anxiety, besides increasing the monoamine oxidase-A and relative brain weight when compared with control animals. Administration of S. persica exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in the neurobehavioral parameters. S. persica at 200 mg/kg produced significant (p<0.01) antidepressant and antianxiety effects. The treatment was also found to reduce the serum monoamine oxidase-A and relative brain weight in the cigarette smoked animals. Conclusion: The data suggests that decoction of S. persica might possess antidepressant and anxiolytic properties in the cigarette smoke exposed animals. These actions could be related to its antioxidant and reversal in the neurocircuilatory changes induced by the cigarette smoke.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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“…Ypsilantis et al [30] found in a preclinical study with male wistar rats that plasma levels of total ghrelin did not change during 8 weeks of cigarette smoking exposure and in the first 7 weeks after smoking cessation. By contrast, Tomoda et al [31] could show that the plasma levels of acetylated ghrelin were significantly higher in a group of 10 wistar rats after cigarette smoke exposure (30 cigarettes twice a day for 5 days a week for four weeks) compared to control animals without cigarette smoke exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One research group was able to find high ghrelin plasma levels to predict the risk of relapse in abstinent smokers [29]. Even the evidence from animal models is conflicting with studies showing both no effect [30] and an upregulation of ghrelin plasma levels by exposure to cigarette smoke [31]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

et al. 2015

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Background: Weight gain is a common but only a partially understood consequence of smoking cessation. Existing data suggest modulating effects of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin on food intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco withdrawal on plasma concentration of acetylated and total ghrelin. Methods: Fifty four normal-weighted smokers and 30 non-smoking healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Concentrations of acetylated and total ghrelin were measured in blood plasma drawn two hours after a standardized meal and three hours after the smokers smoked their last cigarette. The severity of tobacco addiction was assessed based on cotinine plasma concentration, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Results: The plasma concentration of acetylated ghrelin, but not total ghrelin, was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Moreover, we found significant negative correlations between acetylated ghrelin and all measures of the severity of nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Early abstinence from tobacco smoking seems to be associated with increased plasma concentration of the orexigenic peptide acetylated ghrelin. This could be one reason for increased food craving during nicotine withdrawal and subsequent weight gain. Smokers might compensate these effects by increasing tobacco intake.

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Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Its Cessation on Body Weight, Food Intake and Circulating Leptin, and Ghrelin Levels in the Rat

Abstract: Circulating leptin could not explain by its own BW and FIR changes during the first few week of CSE in rats, in contrast to the rest of the CSE period as well as after its cessation. Serum ghrelin levels did not justify BW and FIR changes.

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Metabolic effects of smoking cessation

Metabolic effects of smoking cessation

Ameliorative Effect of Salvadora persica (Miswak) on Cigarette Smoke Induced Anxiety and Depression in Rats

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

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