Effects of cigarette smoking on diagnostic tests for work‐related hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Data from an outbreak of lung disease in metalworkers

Dangman, Kenneth H.; Storey, Eileen; Schenck, Paula; Hodgson, Michael

doi:10.1002/ajim.20001

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Dangman KH et al. ( 49 ) implemented a retrospective study targeting metalworkers with HP, and researchers found that the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is forestalled in cigarette smokers. Kobayashi H et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Krebs von den lungen-6 as a clinical marker for hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis

Zhang

Ren

2022

Front. Immunol.

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AimHypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also referred to as exogenous allergic alveolitis, is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). A potential immune biomarker, Krebs von den lgen-6 (KL-6) characterizes the progression and severity of HP. The meta-analysis in this study was conducted to elucidate the variations in the concentrations of KL-6 in different types of HP.MethodsA systematic search of various databases such as EMBASE, Pubmed, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science, and WanFang was carried out to find relevant published articles between January 1980 and August 2022 that explored the relationship between KL-6 and allergic pneumonia. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect sizes for comparison among different groups. The GSE47460 and GSE150910 datasets were downloaded to extract and validate the differences in KL-6 mRNA expression between HP lung tissue and healthy controls. Furthermore, the single-cell sequencing dataset GSE135893 was downloaded to extract KL-6 mRNA expression in type II alveolar epithelial cells to validate the differences between HP and healthy controls. Two researchers evaluated the quality of the included studies by employing Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All the qualified studies were subjected to statistical analyses carried out utilizing RevMan 5.2, Stata 11.0, and R software 4.1.3.ResultsTwenty studies aligned perfectly with the inclusion criteria of the meta. The concentrations of KL-6 were substantially higher in the blood of HP patients as compared to the control group. Subgroup analyses were carried out in accordance with the allergen source and the results revealed that patients with different allergens had higher blood KL-6 concentrations than healthy controls. Additionally, different subgroups of subjects were created for meta-analysis as per the fibrosis status, race, measurement method, and sample type. The concentration of KL-6 in blood was much higher in all HP subgroups than in healthy control groups. Moreover, the bioinformatics analysis revealed that KL-6 mRNA expression was higher in HP lung tissue and type II alveolar epithelial cells as compared to healthy controls.ConclusionThe present meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis suggested that the concentration levels of KL-6 varied between HP patients and healthy individuals, and the KL-6 concentrations may be higher in the blood samples of HP patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42022355334.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Krebs von den lungen-6 as a clinical marker for hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis

Zhang

Ren

2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…The protective effect of smoking has been explained by a negative effect on the cells involved in antibody production and decreased B7 co-stimulatory molecule expression on alveolar macrophages of cigarette smokers [48,75]. However, other studies have suggested that despite a higher prevalence of precipitating antibodies and restrictive lung disease among non-smokers, smokers have a similarly decreased lung diffusion capacity and are more likely to develop insidious and chronic HP than non-smokers [86][87].…”

Section: Cigarette Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Temprano¹,

Knutsen²,

Slavin³

2005

CPR

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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) is an immunological mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a variety of inhaled allergens that may cause an acute and subacute interstitial pneumonitis and may lead to a chronic end-stage lung disease. Though more common in adults, hypersensitivity pneumonitis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis in children. In children, the most common antigens are from residential exposure to birds, humidifiers and indoor molds. Clinical features are dependent upon stage of disease, and can include fevers, chills, cough, dyspnea, fatigue and weight loss. Physical examination often reveals rales, and dyspnea and hypoxemia are usually present. Routine laboratory testing demonstrates a moderately elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte count, total IgG level and a positive rheumatoid factor. Though serum IgG antibodies are elevated to the inhaled antigen(s) in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, they may be present in asymptomatic exposed individuals. The immunopathogenesis involves cellular immunity to inhaled allergens, especially CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, multinucleated giant cells, and ultimately granulomas. The role of antigen-specific IgG antibodies is unclear, but may be involved in antibody-dependent-cellular-cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or interaction with FcRγ on dendritic cells and monocytes that enhance a Th1 response. Pulmonary function studies demonstrate a restrictive pattern with a diffusion defect resulting in hypoxemia. Radiographic changes vary according to the stage of the disease and are best evaluated by high resolution computerized tomography. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrates a lymphocytosis with characteristic increase of CD8+ T cells and NK cells. However, recent literature suggests that the CD4+/CD8+ ratio may not be decreased in children as found in adults. Treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is antigen avoidance and systemic corticosteroids, and prognosis depends on early recognition of the disease.

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“…Niezależnie o dylematów dotyczących udziału palenia papierosów w rozwoju włóknienia płuc, zaobserwowano, że nikotynizm wywiera ochronny wpływ na rozwój innych ILD, szczególnie chorób ziarniniakowych [10]. Świadczyć może o tym niewielki odsetek palaczy wśród chorych na alergiczne zapalenie pęcherzyków płucnych (AZPP) [11,12]. Badania eksperymentalne u zwierząt wykazały ochronny wpływ nikotyny na rozwój tej choroby [13].…”

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Smoking and Interstitial Lung Disease? Commentary to the Article of E. Wiatr “Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases”

Zielonka¹

2009

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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W jednym z ostatnich numerów “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” ukazał się bardzo ważny artykuł prof. E. Wiatr, uświadamiający, że szkodliwość palenia papierosów nie ogranicza się do wywoływania powszechnie znanych chorób, takich jak przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP) i rak płuca, ale odpowiedzialne jest także za powstawanie niektórych chorób śródmiąższowych płuc (ILD), takich jak histiocytoza z komórek Langerhansa, złuszczające śródmiąższowe zapalenie płuc (DIP) i zapalenie oskrzelików współistniejące z chorobą śródmiąższową (RB-ILD) [...]

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Effects of cigarette smoking on diagnostic tests for work‐related hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Data from an outbreak of lung disease in metalworkers

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Krebs von den lungen-6 as a clinical marker for hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis

Krebs von den lungen-6 as a clinical marker for hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Smoking and Interstitial Lung Disease? Commentary to the Article of E. Wiatr “Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases”

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