Effects of cinnamaldehyde and thymol on cytotoxicity, tight junction barrier resistance, and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in Caco-2 cells

Putaala, Heli; Nurminen, Päivi; Tiihonen, Kirsti

doi:10.22358/jafs/77058/2017

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells, the most appropriate for in vitro propagation of PEDV ( 33 ), showed that the tested compounds had cytotoxic effect at target concentrations with the only exception of sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillates. This result agrees with previous reports which have also shown a substantial decrease in cell proliferation at low concentrations of thymol and cinnamaldehyde ( 34 ). However, the lack of a dose-dependent effect on Vero cell viability of sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillates disagree with the results of a previous research on the effect of lauric acid, its main fatty acid, on colon cancer cells ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

In vitro Assessment of Antiviral Effect of Natural Compounds on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic acid and essential oils (EOs), well-known antimicrobials, could also possess antiviral activity, a characteristic which has not been completely addressed up to now. In this study, the effect of two organic acids (formic acid and sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillates) and two single EO compounds (thymol and cinnamaldehye) was evaluated against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The concentration used for each compound was established by cytotoxicity assays in Vero cells. The antiviral activity was then evaluated at three multiplicities of infection (MOIs) through visual cytopathic effect (CPE) evaluation and an alamarBlue assay as well as real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and viral titration of cell supernatants. Formic acid at at a dose of 1,200 ppm was the only compound which showed antiviral activity, with a weak reduction of CPE caused by PEDV. Through the alamarBlue fluorescence assay, we showed a significant anti-CPE effect of formic acid which could not be observed by using an inverted optical microscope. RT-qPCR and infectivity analysis also showed that formic acid significantly reduced viral RNA and viral titers in a PEDV MOI-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the antiviral activity of formic acid could be associated to its inhibitory effect on viral replication. Further studies are required to explore the anti-PEDV activity of formic acid under field conditions alone or together with other antiviral agents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

In vitro Assessment of Antiviral Effect of Natural Compounds on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ingestion of OA, particularly butyric acid results in a positive effect on enterocyte proliferation (Bedford and Gong, 2018). Concerning phytogenic compounds, no effect in cell proliferation was observed (Putaala et al, 2017). Considering these studies, we hypothesized that the increase in cell proliferation observed in the groups supplemented with the OAFA was due mainly to the action of OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Antibacterial activity of EO is mainly associated with their components such as phenols (carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol), terpenes (α-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol), and aldehydes, and also depending on their concentration in the oil (Burt, 2004). Cinnamaldehyde (an aromatic aldehyde and the principal constituent of cinnamon bark oil) (Putaala et al, 2017) gained renewed interest for application in pig's feed because of its antimicrobial properties (Yan and Kim, 2012). This component improves weaned piglets performance, immunity, and gut microbiota, as well as reduces the concentration of fecal noxious gas content and the incidence of diarrhea (Li et al, 2012;Yan and Kim, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Jiménez

Berrios²,

Stelzhammer³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic acids (OA) and phytogenic compounds have been used in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, few studies have evaluated the systemic effect of the combination of these additives. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an organic acid-based feed additive (OAFA), containing a blend of OA and cinnamaldehyde, on the tissue integrity of bacterially challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets 21 d old were used in a 19-d trial. Pigs received a standard diet during the first 7 d and afterward were allotted to five treatments. Dietary treatments were: Control (basal diet), Escherichia coli (basal diet and challenge with E. coli), colistin (basal diet + 200 mg colistin/kg feed + challenge with E. coli), OAFA1 (basal diet + 1 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli), and OAFA2 (basal diet + 2 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli). Seven days after the beginning of the treatment, the animals were challenged with an enterotoxic strain of E. coli (K88) for pigs. Five days after the challenge, all animals were euthanized for tissue sampling for histological and oxidative stress (intestine and liver) analysis. The reduced glutathione (GSH), ferric-reducing ability potential (FRAP), and free-radical scavenging ability (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the intestinal antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production were evaluated through the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, respectively. Animals fed the OAFA (1 and 2) diets had a decrease (P < 0.05) on histological changes in the intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Greater villus height (VH) and a higher ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) were observed in animals of the OAFA2 group compared with the control and E. coli groups. The colistin and OAFA groups decreased (P < 0.05) the number of inflammatory cells in intestinal lamina propria. OAFA2 group increased (P < 0.05) intestinal cell proliferation. Colistin and OAFA2 supplementation induced a decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of TBARS in both the intestine and liver compared with the E. coli group. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in GSH and FRAP ileal levels was observed in the OAFA2 group compared with E. coli group. These results show that the supplementation with OAFA in the diet of weaned piglets, especially at a dose of 2 kg/ton (OAFA2) protected tissues against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) damage.

show abstract

“…No influence on the TJ proteins was seen (Hagenlocher, Hösel, Bischoff, & Lorentz, ). In the Caco‐2 cell line, cinnamaldehyde alone had a negative effect on TJ integrity, but when combined with thymol, a beneficial effect was observed (Putaala, Nurminen, & Tiihonen, ). This finding suggests that cinnamaldehyde in combination with other active ingredients can have different effects than when applied alone and that a combination of cinnamon bark with other plant powders in a PFA might provide superior effects on the barrier function compared to cinnamon bark alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of phytogenics on recovery of the barrier function of intestinal porcine epithelial cells after a calcium switch

Bachinger¹,

Mayer²,

Kaschubek

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The gut barrier is essential for animal health as it prevents the passage of potentially harmful foreign substances. The epithelial tight junctions support the intestinal barrier and can be disrupted by stress caused, for example, by pathogens or dietary or environmental factors, predisposing the host to disease. In animal husbandry, phytogenics (plant‐derived feed additives) are used to support and maintain growth, feed efficiency and health. Therefore, several phytogenics were tested in vitro for their influence on the barrier function recovery of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2) after disruption, particularly on the abundance of tight junction proteins. Results IPEC‐J2 treated with 1,000 µg/ml liquorice root extract, 80 µg/ml plant powder mix, or 80 µg/ml angelica root powder showed significantly higher trans‐epithelial electric resistance (TEER) 24 hr after tight junction disruption via a calcium switch assay than the control. In contrast, cells treated with 1,000 µg/ml oak bark extract showed a significantly lower TEER after 6 hr but not at later time points. The increased TEER caused by the liquorice root extract correlated with an increase in the abundance of the tight junction protein claudin‐4. Conclusions This study suggests potential beneficial effects of liquorice and angelica root extracts on the gut barrier function when used as feed additives for livestock. Further studies, especially in vivo, are necessary to confirm these findings.

show abstract

Effects of cinnamaldehyde and thymol on cytotoxicity, tight junction barrier resistance, and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in Caco-2 cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

In vitro Assessment of Antiviral Effect of Natural Compounds on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus

In vitro Assessment of Antiviral Effect of Natural Compounds on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Coronavirus

Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Influence of phytogenics on recovery of the barrier function of intestinal porcine epithelial cells after a calcium switch

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About