Effects of ciprofloxacin-containing antimicrobial scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell viability—In vitro studies

Abstract

Objective A combination of antibiotics, including but not limited to metronidazole (MET) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), has been indicated to eradicate bacteria in necrotic immature permanent teeth prior to regenerative procedures. It has been shown clinically that antibiotic pastes may lead to substantial stem cell death. The aim of this study was to synthesize scaffolds containing various concentrations of CIP to enhance cell viability while preserving antimicrobial properties. Design Polydioxanone (PDS)-based electrospun scaffolds were processed with decreasing CIP concentrations (25 – 1 wt.%) and morphologically evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were performed to determine whether the amount of CIP released from the scaffolds would lead to human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) toxicity. Similarly, WST-1 assays were performed to evaluate the impact of CIP release on hDPSC proliferation. Pure PDS scaffolds and saturated double antibiotic solution MET/CIP (DAP) served as both positive and negative controls, respectively. Antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis (Ef) was tested. Results A significant decrease in hDPSC’ viability at concentrations 5–25 wt.% was observed. However, concentrations below 5 wt.% did not impair cell viability. Data from the WST-1 assays indicated no detrimental impact on cell proliferation for scaffolds containing 2.5 wt.% CIP or less. Significant antimicrobial properties were seen for CIP-scaffolds at lower concentrations (i.e., 1 and 2.5 wt.%). Conclusion The obtained data demonstrated that a reduced concentration of CIP incorporated into PDS-based scaffolds maintains its antimicrobial properties while enhancing viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells.

Evaluation of sustained ciprofloxacin release of biodegradable electrospun gelatin/poly(glycerol sebacate) mat membranes for wound dressing applications

“…Fiber diameter, which is an influential parameter on the analysis of nanofibrous membranes, was obtained using SEM photographs and image analysis program (ImageJ, p1.44). As indicated in the histogram of average diameter (before cross‐linking) in Figure a, although there are no significant changes in the morphology after loading the drug, there was a margin decrease in the mean diameter of fibers from about 236 ± 37 to 221 ± 81 nm in drug‐loaded samples (CIP‐M 7 –M 9 ) due to the decrease in viscosity of the solutions after incorporation of CIP . Moreover, with increasing Seb, a slight drop in the diameter of fibers is observed.…”

Effectiveness and clinical implications of the use of topical antibiotics in regenerative endodontic procedures: a review

“…Kamocki et al . (,b) demonstrated that scaffolds containing reduced concentrations of ciprofloxacin preserve its antimicrobial properties but enhanced the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells. It has been demonstrated that ciprofloxacin‐containing scaffolds promise as an intracanal medicament to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis biofilms before REPs (Albuquerque et al .…”

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic–eluting Polymer Nanofibers against Multispecies Biofilm

“…Electrospinning is known to be a straightforward nanotechnology-based technique capable of fabricating not only tissue scaffolds for regenerative medicine, but also antibiotic-eluting polymer nanofibers for use in drug delivery (10, 21–25, 27–31). An accumulating body of evidence suggests that antibiotic nanofibers (single, dual, or triple antibiotics) may provide clinical benefit, as substantial antimicrobial properties have been consistently seen when evaluated against dentin biofilm models (21–23, 31).…”