“…Numerous studies have emphasized the positive impact of smaller class sizes on students' academic performance (Biddle & Berliner, 2002;Bohrnstedt & Stecher, 1999;Dynarski, Hyman, & Schanzenbach, 2013;Finn & Achilles, 1990;Glass & Smith, 1980;Grissmer, 1999;Hruz, 2000;Krueger, 2003;Nakamura & Dev, 2022;Shin, 2012;Zyngier, 2014). Increasing opportunities for parental involvement can also be effective in improving individual learning environments and students' academic performance (Blair, 2014;Gunderson et al, 2013;Henderson & Mapp, 2002;Hill & Craft, 2003;Hill & Tyson, 2009;Sankaran, Sorrentino, & Hernandez, 2020;Steinberg, Lamborn, Dornbusch, & Darling, 1992).…”