Effects of climate and land use on the occurrence of viruliferous aphids and the epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf disease

Abstract

Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYD) disease is one of the most severe viral diseases in autumn sown cereals. In western Europe, crop losses are mainly due to the PAV species of BYD viruses transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi, the most abundant aphid in autumn. The proportion of migrant winged aphids that carry viruses in autumn is considered a major epidemiological factor for determining the disease incidence. In the main French cereal areas, during a 6 week period in autumn 1999 to 2002, the proportion of viruliferous R. padi assessed using a TAS-ELISA technique was on average of 4.98 % (range 2.01-9.91 %). Variations according to trap location were correlated with land-use at the regional scale, annual variations being correlated with the climate of the year. Implementations of these results to improve BYD disease management program are discussed.

The influence of host diversity and composition on epidemiological patterns at multiple spatial scales

“…Spatiotemporal patterns of infection may be driven by climate variables such as temperature and precipitation (Pascual et al 2000, Garrett et al 2006, Snall et al 2008, which can vary in a spatially consistent manner based on the topography of a landscape. Because these factors such as community composition, landscape structure, topography, and species interactions that drive host-pathogen interactions can act at a broad range of spatial scales (Smith et al 2003, Fabre et al 2005, Duffy et al 2010), a deeper understanding of pathogens in natural systems will arise from quantifying the relative importance of these different processes to both local-and larger-scale patterns of infection. Because these factors such as community composition, landscape structure, topography, and species interactions that drive host-pathogen interactions can act at a broad range of spatial scales (Smith et al 2003, Fabre et al 2005, Duffy et al 2010), a deeper understanding of pathogens in natural systems will arise from quantifying the relative importance of these different processes to both local-and larger-scale patterns of infection.…”

“…Corresponding Editor: B. For vector-or wind-dispersed pathogens, local-scale disease incidence or prevalence can be influenced by the regional abundance of highly competent hosts (Fabre et al 2005) or the proximity to neighboring host populations (Ericson et al 1999, Smith et al 2003. In the case of vector-borne diseases, the composition of the local community (including both host and non-host species) may also influence the abundance and composition of the vector community, vector preference for different host species, or transmission rates between vector and host species (Power and Mitchell 2004, Malmstrom et al 2005, Borer et al 2009).…”

Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases

“…It resulted in both a reduction of disease incidence and of the use of chemicals. Another example was provided by Fabre et al (2005) who showed that the proportion of bird cherry-oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi ) caught in suction traps and carrying barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV ) increased with the ratio area sown to small grain : area sown to maize within a 50 km radius around the suction trap. One of the major ecological processes concerning landscape ecology is dispersal.…”

Climate Change Effects on Plant Disease: Genomes to Ecosystems

“…Similarly, the introduction of new vector species and changes in vector overwintering and oversummering (52,73,(93)(94)(95)(98)(99)(100) and other effects of change on insects (112) may have important effects on pathogen survival, movement, and reproduction. For example, introduction of the glassy-winged sharp shooter has led to increased patterns of infection of grape plants in winter, greatly altering infection rates (3).…”