Effects of Climate Change on the Habitat Suitability and Distribution of Endemic Freshwater Fish Species in Semi-Arid Central Anatolian Ecoregion in Türkiye

Abstract

Climate change is affecting freshwater ecosystems globally, particularly those in semi-arid and arid regions. The Central Anatolian Ecoregion (CAE) in Türkiye has a semi-arid climate and is home to numerous endemic fish species. We used species distribution modelling to elucidate the distribution of sixteen endemic fish species in CAE and predicted their potential distributions for 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 based on the CMIP6 climate model. Half of the species are predicted to experience a significant loss of climatically suitable areas. Anatolichthys fontinalis, Gobio gymnostethus, Gobio hettitorum, and Pseudophoxinus burduricus will face a complete loss of suitable areas by 2081–2100 under a high emissions climate scenario, whereas Cobitis bilseli, Egirdira nigra, Gobio intermedius, and Squalius anatolicus will experience a significant loss. The other eight species can potentially benefit from climate warming if all other stressors remain equal. Anthropogenic stressors, such as water abstraction for irrigation, pollution, invasive species introductions, and dam construction, are already putting endemic fish populations in CAE under extreme pressure. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats. Regular monitoring of freshwater ecosystems and fish fauna in the CAE and protecting the region from key anthropogenic stressors are recommended to successfully conserve these endemic freshwater fishes under climate change.

Predicting climate change impacts on the distribution of endemic fish Cyprinion muscatense in the Arabian Peninsula

“…All of these environmental modifications have had direct or indirect negative impacts on freshwater species including fishes (Buisson et al., 2008 ; Harrod, 2015 ; Heino et al., 2009 ). Evidence suggests tropical and fish species in semiarid/arid ecosystems might be equally or even more vulnerable to climate changes (Korkmaz et al., 2023 ; Senior et al., 2019 ; Tewksbury et al., 2008 ). Climate change seems affect more freshwater ecosystems than marine ecosystems due to fragmented habitats, limited amount of water, and high sensitivity to temperature and precipitation.…”