Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

Martínez, Gabriel Gómez; Galiano, Lorena; Rubio, Toni; Prado-López, Carlos; Redolat, Darío; Blázquez, César Paradinas; Gaitán, Emma; Pedro-Monzonís, María; Ferriz-Sánchez, Sergio; Soto, Miguel Añó; Monjo, Robert; Pérez-Martín, Miguel Ángel; Llorens, Pura Almenar; Cervera, Javier Macián

doi:10.3390/w13172424

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Further elucidation of these compounds and their effect on the quality and safety of drinking water is needed. This is especially true when considering the effects of climate change on the composition of source water. − Some solutions involve the integration of water reuse, which drastically alters the composition of source water and may increase the low molecular weight small soluble compounds (small water-soluble, <1000 Da) represented by AAs. , Complex changes to the composition or type of source water dramatically alter the formation of DBPs; thus, it is important that we further understand the occurrence and effect of small, polar, and water-soluble compounds such as AAs in oxidative water treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids as Potential Precursors to Odorous Compounds in Tap Water during Spring Runoff Events

Craven

Wawryk

Carroll

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The onset of spring runoff in northern climates and tap water odor events are difficult to predict because common water quality parameters cannot fully explain the intermittent odor events that occurred over past decades. Studies have shown that small polar water-soluble compounds, such as amino acids (AAs), leach first from ice/snowmelt. AAs are known to produce odorous compounds, such as aldehydes and chloroaldimines, upon chlorination. Therefore, we proposed that AAs may serve as markers for small and soluble organics that contribute to the odor of chlorinated tap water. Here, we studied the occurrence of AAs in source water collected at two water treatment plants and the odor profiles of tap water at >300 homes during the 2021 and 2022 spring runoff events. AA concentrations were at baseline levels (<100 ng/L) during the 2021 runoff but much higher (up to 5500 ng/ L) in 2022 and associated with an escalation in odor complaints. AA concentrations peaked at the onset of the 2022 spring runoff and corresponded with the strongest reported odor intensities in tap water. We obtained high resolution MS and MS/MS spectra of chloroaldimines and confirmed the formation of chloroaldimines under chlorination of the six AAs detected in source water. The results indicate that AAs signal the onset of spring runoff and represent small polar water-soluble compounds that may contribute to tap water odor problems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids as Potential Precursors to Odorous Compounds in Tap Water during Spring Runoff Events

Craven

Wawryk

Carroll

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This concern is increasingly relevant as climate change is causing the degradation of source water quality due to exaggerated wet and dry periods [9], increased erosion caused by wildfires [10], and the disruption of seasonal phenomena [11]. These effects can lead to more frequent turbidity spikes which render drinking water treatment more difficult [12,13], in addition to continuously rendering models based on old water quality data obsolete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Recurrent Neural Networks and Blocked Cross-Validation to Model Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Processes

Jakovljevic,

Charlin,

Barbeau

2024

Water

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The jar test is the current standard method for predicting the performance of a conventional drinking water treatment (DWT) process and optimizing the coagulant dose. This test is time-consuming and requires human intervention, meaning it is infeasible for making continuous process predictions. As a potential alternative, we developed a machine learning (ML) model from historical DWT plant data that can operate continuously using real-time sensor data without human intervention for predicting clarified water turbidity 15 min in advance. We evaluated three types of models: multilayer perceptron (MLP), the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN), and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) RNN. We also employed two training methodologies: the commonly used holdout method and the theoretically correct blocked cross-validation (BCV) method. We found that the RNN with GRU was the best model type overall and achieved a mean absolute error on an independent production set of as low as 0.044 NTU. We further found that models trained using BCV typically achieve errors equal to or lower than their counterparts trained using holdout. These results suggest that RNNs trained using BCV are superior for the development of ML models for DWT processes compared to those reported in earlier literature.

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“…Many different strategies and actions to face water scarcity and mitigate the effects of climate change have been taken into force during the last decade in several countries suffering from this water availability reduction [15][16][17][18][19]. The most important group of these strategies is faced with integrated management of water resources [20][21][22][23], improvement and increase in efficiency on irrigation systems or increase in water resources availability by the introduction of reclaimed water reuse for irrigation purposes [24][25][26], and a further development regarding desalination water treatments [27,28] counteracting the huge energy consumption handicap of these technologies using renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change in Mediterranean Semiarid Regions by Desalination and Photovoltaic Solar Energy, Spain

Gómez Martínez,

Pérez Martín

2023

Water

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Integration of renewable energy sources and water production technologies is a must when facing water scarcity problems in semiarid regions, such as Mediterranean regions. The use of additional water resources and production methods, such as reclaimed water and, more specifically, desalinated water, means present and necessary water resources to introduce in the water balances to attend to water demands within a global warming and droughting scenario. These solutions have the inconvenience of energy/power needs and costs. However, the development of renewable energies like photovoltaic solar energy, with lower and lower costs and greater efficiency, makes these economically feasible facilities, reaching competitive production costs for marine or sea desalinated water by around 50% of reduction in energy costs and 20–30% of savings in final water production cost. This paper presents a practical project or action focused on the integration of renewable energies and new water resources by introducing a Photovoltaic Energy Plant (PVEP) as an energy source to feed a Seawater Desalination Treatment Plant (SWDTP). The PV facility is designed to cover all the energy demanded using the SWDTP during the day, and even studying the possibility of selling the energy production exceeds and injecting them into the energy supply network, covering the needs of buying energy needed during the high period where there is no photovoltaic energy production. Thus, savings related to energy costs and even incomes coming from energy sales mean an important reduction in operation costs or expenditures (OPEX), which makes economically feasible and sustainable the investment and the final price of water produced within the Mutxamel SWDTP. The final reduction cost in water desalination reaches 25% on average.

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Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Amino Acids as Potential Precursors to Odorous Compounds in Tap Water during Spring Runoff Events

Amino Acids as Potential Precursors to Odorous Compounds in Tap Water during Spring Runoff Events

Applying Recurrent Neural Networks and Blocked Cross-Validation to Model Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Processes

Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change in Mediterranean Semiarid Regions by Desalination and Photovoltaic Solar Energy, Spain

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