Effects of Climate Change on the Potentially Suitable Climatic Geographical Range of Liriodendron chinense

Lady's-slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) is considered an endangered species in most countries within its geographical range. The main reason for the decline in the number of populations of this species in Europe is habitat destruction. In this paper the ecological niche modelling approach was used to estimate the effect of future climate change on the area of niches suitable for C. calceolus. Predictions of the extent of the potential range of this species in 2070 were made using climate projections obtained from the Community Climate System Model for four representative concentration pathways: rcp2.6, rcp4.5, rcp6.0 and rcp8.5. According to these analyses all the scenarios of future climate change will result in the total area of niches suitable for C. calceolus decreasing. Considering areas characterized by a suitability of at least 0.4 the loss of habitat will vary between ca. 30% and 63%. The highest habitat loss of ca. 63% is predicted to occur in scenario rcp 8.5. Surprisingly, in the most damaging rcp 8.5 prediction the highest overlap between potential range of C. calceolus and its pollinators will be observed and in all other scenarios some pollinators will be available for this species in various geographical regions. Based on these results at least two approaches should be implemented to improve the chances of survival of C. calceolus. In view of the unavoidable loss of suitable habitats in numerous European regions, conservation activities should be intensified in areas where this species will still have suitable niches in the next 50 years. In addition, for C. calceolus ex-situ activities should be greatly increased so that it can be reintroduced in the remaining suitable areas.

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“…These climate projections were used in several previous studies on threatened plants (e.g. [68][69]) and endangered animals (e.g. [70][71]).…”

Section: Ecological Niche Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the lady's-slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) likely to shortly become extinct in Europe?—Insights based on ecological niche modelling

Kolanowska

Jakubska-Busse

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg, a broad-leaved deciduous tree species belonging to the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae) that is also called the Chinese tulip tree [19], is naturally distributed in mountainous areas of southern China and northern Vietnam at an elevation of 450-1800 m [20,21]. However, little molecular and gene expression data have been reported for L. chinense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Assays in Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg

Hao

Zhong

et al. 2019

Forests

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The precision and reliability of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) depend mainly on suitable reference genes; however, reference genes have not yet been identified for Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. In this study, the expression stability of 15 candidate reference genes, ACT7, ACT97, UBQ1, eIF2, eIF3, HIS, BIG, AGD11, EFG, GAPDH, CYP, RPL25, UBC, RPB1, and TUB, was tested across multiple organs of L. chinense using four algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. To understand the difference between the selected reference genes and the unsuitable candidate reference genes, the expression level of a target gene, LcPAT7, was normalized across various plant samples. ACT97 and eIF3 represented the best combination across all samples tested, while AGD11 and UBQ1 were unsuitable for normalization in this case. In the vegetative organ subset, ACT97, ACT7, and GAPDH showed the highest expression stability. For floral organs, UBC and eIF3 were the most stable reference genes. Unsuitable reference genes underestimated the expression levels of a target gene, LcPAT7. This study identified two reference genes (ACT97 and eIF3) for the precise and reliable normalization of L. chinense RT-qPCR data across various organs. Our work provides an effective framework for quantifying gene expression in L. chinense.

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“…chinense, an economically and ecologically important tree species is continually being studied. From the study of the relationship between the geographical distribution of L. chinense and climate to the study of the characteristics and development of its different tissues, research on L. chinense is intensifying [1,5,6]. Especially since the genome of L. chinense was published, the understanding of the position of L. chinense in evolutionary history has improved 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarg (L. chinense) is a deciduous tree species with attractive owers is a member of the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). L. chinense is distributed throughout southern China and northern Vietnam, and it plays increasingly important economic and ecological roles because of its high value for greening, furniture manufacturing and pharmaceutical manufacturing [1][2][3]. In addition, owing to its crucial phylogenetic position that enables the study of the evolution of extant owering plants, L. chinense has been the topic of an increasing amount of scienti c research, such as research on gene ow among natural populations of L. chinense [4], transcriptomic analyses of L. chinense petals and leaves [5], the study of genes associated with L. chinense leaf shape development [6], and the wholegenome sequencing of L. chinense (the complete sequence of which was completed in 2018) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene co-expression analysis and tissue-specific gene identification in Liriodendron chinense via hybrid sequencing

Tu¹,

Shen²,

Wen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. is an economically and ecologically important deciduous tree species that has been studied for many years. Although the complete L. chinense genome has been sequenced, the gene co-expression modules and tissue-specific genes of L. chinense remain unknown. Results Here, we used the bracts, petals, sepals, stamens, pistils, leaves, and the shoot apex of L. chinense as materials and analysed their gene co-expression modules and tissue-specific genes via hybrid sequencing. We identified 3,032 DEGs between the floral and vegetative tissues and 2,126 tissue-specific genes. By using WGCNA analysis, we identified 13 gene co-expression modules, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that tissue-specific genes and genes from different modules were enriched in different pathways. Genes associated with plant defence were highly expressed in the bracts, genes participating in plant hormone signal transduction were highly expressed in the shoot apex, and genes participating in photosynthesis were highly expressed in the leaves, petals and sepals. Moreover, we identified 10 MIKC-type MADS-box genes that were classified as member of the AP3/PI, SVP, SEP, AG/SHP/STK, AGL12, SOC1 and TM8 subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the expression profiles of these ten genes were consistent with those reported in Arabidopsis and Populus , indicating that these genes are highly conserved evolutionarily and related to floral and vegetative tissue development. The small number of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in L. chinense was probably owing to its incomplete genome annotation. Conclusions In this work, we provided a reference transcriptome for L. chinense research by using hybrid sequencing. We identified 2,126 tissue-specific genes and 3,032 DEGs that contributed greatly to the functional differences between vegetative organs and floral organs. By using WGCNA analysis, 13 gene co-expression modules and 52 hub genes from six co-expression modules of interest were identified. Moreover, we identified 10 MIKC-type MADS-box genes that might be related to the development and growth regulation of floral and vegetative organs. These findings will improve our understanding of gene co-expression, tissue specific genes and flower development model of L. chinense .

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Effects of Climate Change on the Potentially Suitable Climatic Geographical Range of Liriodendron chinense

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Is the lady's-slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) likely to shortly become extinct in Europe?—Insights based on ecological niche modelling

Is the lady's-slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) likely to shortly become extinct in Europe?—Insights based on ecological niche modelling

Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Assays in Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg

Gene co-expression analysis and tissue-specific gene identification in Liriodendron chinense via hybrid sequencing

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