Effects of Climate Warming on Vegetative Phenology of the Common Beech<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>in a Submontane Forest of the Western Carpathians: Two-Decade Analysis

Schieber, B.; Kubov, Martin; Janík, R.

doi:10.3161/15052249pje2017.65.3.003

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We used four cloud-free Sentinel-2 scenes acquired in different phonological seasons: 20 April 2018, 8 August 2016, 2 October 2017 and 12 October 2018. The analyzed tree species are characterized by a different phenology [40,41], thus the satellite scenes were selected to various phases of phenology. The first image (20 April) was obtained at the beginning of spring, when broadleaf trees start to green-up; the second image (8 August) represents the mid-summer; and the third and fourth (2 October and 12 October) refer to early-and mid-autumn, when some leaves start to gradually change colors.…”

Section: Sentinel-2 and Demmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Forest Type and Tree Species on a Regional Scale Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data

2019

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There are a limited number of studies addressing the forest status, its extent, location, type and composition over a larger area at the regional or national levels. The dense time series and a wide swath of Sentinel-2 data are a good basis for forest mapping and tree species identification over a large area. This study presents the results of the classification of the forest/non-forest cover, forest type (broadleaf and coniferous) and the identification of eight tree species (beech, oak, alder, birch, spruce, pine, fir, and larch) using the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data in combination with topographic information. The study was conducted over the large mountain area located in southern Poland. The Random Forest classifier was used to first derive a forest/non-forest map. Second, the forest was classified into broadleaf and coniferous. Finally, the tree species classification was carried out following two approaches: (i) Non-stratified, where all species were classified together within the forest mask and (ii) stratified, where the broadleaf and coniferous tree species were classified separately within the forest type masks. The overall accuracy for the forest/non-forest cover reached 98.3% and declined slightly to 94.8% for the classification of the forest type. The use of the topographic information did not increase the accuracy of either result. The role of the topographic variables increased significantly in the process of tree species delineation. By combining the topographic information (in particular, digital elevation model) with the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data, the classification of eight tree species improved from 75.6% to 81.7% (approach 1). A further increase in accuracy to 89.5% for broadleaf and 82% for coniferous species was observed following the stratified approach number 2. The highest overall accuracy (above 85%) was obtained for beech, oak, birch, alder, and larch. The study confirmed the potential of the multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data for accurate delineation of the forest cover, forest type, and tree species at the regional scale.

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Section: Sentinel-2 and Demmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Forest Type and Tree Species on a Regional Scale Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data

2019

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“…Under climate actions, plants could shift the onset of phenological phases and thus extend or shorten their growing seasons as the photosynthetically active period modulates ecosystem carbon balance [26,27]. In temperate forests, the temperature [28][29][30][31] was determined to be the main driving factor for the onset of leafing, although the effect of photoperiod [32] and soil water content [33] as prominent factors are sometimes evoked. However, the clear determination of the response of leaf senescence to the associated environmental controls is more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autumn Phenological Response of European Beech to Summer Drought and Heat

Lukasová

Vido

Škvareninová

et al. 2020

Water

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The changes in precipitation and temperature regimes brought on by the current climate change have influenced ecosystems globally. The consequences of climate change on plant phenology have been widely investigated during the last few years. However, the underlying causes of the timing of autumn phenology have not been fully clarified yet. Here, we focused on the onset (10%) of leaf colouring—LCO—(Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) 92) of European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) as an important native tree species growing throughout Europe. Studied beech stands are located along the natural distribution range of the European beech in Western Carpathians (Slovakia) at different altitudes from lowlands (300 m a.s.l.) to uplands (1050 m a.s.l.) and climatic regions from warm to cold. To define limiting climate conditions for LCO, we established several bioclimatic indices as indicators of meteorological drought: climatic water balance (CWB), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), dry period index (DPI), and heat waves (HW). In addition, meteorological variables such as monthly mean temperatures and precipitation totals were taken into account. Throughout the 23-year period (1996–2018) of ground-based phenological observations of temperate beech forests, the timing of LCO was significantly delayed (p ≤ 0.05) in the middle to high altitudes, while in the lowest altitude, it remained unchanged. Over the last decade, 2009–2018, LCO in middle altitudes started at comparable to low altitudes and, at several years, even later. This resulted mainly from the significant negative effect of drought prior to this phenological phase (p ≤ 0.01) expressed through a 1-month SPI in September (SPIIX) at the stand at the low-altitude and warm-climatic region. Our results indicate that the meteorological drought conditioned by lower total precipitation and higher evapotranspirative demands in the warmer climate advance leaf senescence. However, at present time, growth in rising temperature and precipitation is acceptable for most beech stands at middle to high altitudes. Beech utilizes these conditions and postpones the LCO by 0.3–0.5 and 0.6–1.2 day per year at high and middle altitudes, respectively. Although we show the commencing negative effect of drought at mid-altitudes with lower (below 700 mm) total annual precipitation, the trend of LCO in favourable warm climates is still significantly delayed. The ongoing warming trend of summer months suggests further intensification of drought as has started to occur in middle altitudes, spreading from the continual increase of evapotranspiration over the next decades.

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“…The mean annual precipitation is 698 mm [42]. Increasing positive deviation of +1.3 • C (from 7.8 • C to 9.1 • C) of the mean annual air temperature during the period from 1995 to 2014 was reported in [10], although annual precipitation did not change significantly. In the last 11 years (from 2010), selected meteorological variables (air and soil temperature, global radiation, precipitation) have been measured by our own climatic microstations, which are equipped with Minikin dataloggers (EMS Brno, Czech Republic) and precipitation collectors.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, this could be a positive phenomenon, increasing productivity and offering new planting opportunities in forest conditions. On the other hand, the possible danger of late spring frosts [10], as well as increasing risk of damage by pests, droughts, fires and other climate extremes have been reported [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Selected Meteorological Variables on Full Flowering of Some Forest Herbs in the Western Carpathians

2022

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At present, temperate forest ecosystems are endangered by both abiotic and biotic factors. The effects of abiotic components, e.g., meteorological variables, are constantly studied. However, the detailed mechanisms affecting the phenology of plants are still unknown. Two meteorological variables (air temperature and cumulative precipitation) were analysed for the period from 1995 to 2020 in order to determine which factor which has a more significant effect on onset of the full-flowering (FF) phenophase. A set of nine forest herbs, representing different phenological groups from the viewpoint of flowering, was examined (early spring: Petasites albus and Pulmonaria officinalis; mid-spring: Carex pilosa and Dentaria bulbifera; late spring: Fragaria visa and Galium odoratum; early summer: Veronica officinalis; mid-summer: Mycelis muralis; and late summer: Campanula trachelium). Temperature-sum requirements and temporal trends in the onset of FF were also studied. The research conducted at the Ecological Experimental Station in the Kremnické vrchy Mountains (central Slovakia) at an altitude of 500 m asl. Our results show that the air temperature correlated more significantly with the date of onset of FF (r > 0.6, p < 0.001) than with precipitation. On average, the air-temperature sums, calculated for the threshold temperatures of 0 °C and 5 °C, increased from 142.9 °C (Petasites albus) to 1732.9 °C (Campanula trachelium) and from 223.4 °C (Petasites albus) to 1820.8 °C (Campanula trachelium), respectively. Temporal trends in the onset of FF over the last 26 years confirm shifts to earlier dates for most species (excepting early spring Petasites albus). In spring flowering species, shifts ranged from 2 days (0.07 day/year) for Pulmonaria officinalis to 8 days (0.30 day/year) for Carex pilosa. As for summer species, the onset of flowering shifted more significantly to earlier dates—from 7 days (0.27 day/year) for Campanula trachelium to 12 days (0.46 day/year) for Veronica officinalis. The observed trends were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for five examined species (Carex pilosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Fragaria vesca, Veronica officinalis and Mycelis muralis).

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Effects of Climate Warming on Vegetative Phenology of the Common BeechFagus sylvaticain a Submontane Forest of the Western Carpathians: Two-Decade Analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Mapping Forest Type and Tree Species on a Regional Scale Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data

Mapping Forest Type and Tree Species on a Regional Scale Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data

Autumn Phenological Response of European Beech to Summer Drought and Heat

Effect of Selected Meteorological Variables on Full Flowering of Some Forest Herbs in the Western Carpathians

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