Effects of Clinical Use on the Mechanical Properties of Bio-Active® (BA) and TriTanium® (TR) Multiforce Nickel-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires

Stoyanova-Ivanova, Angelina; Georgieva, Mirela; Petrov, Valeri; Andreeva, Laura; Petkov, Alexander; Georgiev, Velizar

doi:10.3390/ma16020483

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The DSC curves of each segment (anterior, bicuspid, posterior) of Bio-active™ archwires are shown on figure 6. Three phases were observed on the DSC (visualized by three peaks), namely austenite at heating and both rhombohedral -R-) phase and martensite at cooling [8]. Especially important for the purposes of our study is the finish temperature of Austenite (Af) because it shows full austenite transformation of each segment sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition and structural characteristics of Bio-active™ orthodontic archwire

Stoyanova-Ivanova,

Mihaylov,

Georgiev

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The Bio-active™ archwires are the latest generation multi-force orthodontic archwires made of a Ni-Ti alloy. It is of particular importance to orthodontists to know what their composition and structural characteristics are so that they can determine which one is suitable for a given stage of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this work is to characterize as-received Bio-active™ archwires, consisting of three segments (anterior, bicuspid and posterior), by determining their physicochemical properties. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to determine the elemental composition in the three different segments of the archwires, along with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A LIBS and EDX analysis of the elemental composition showed that nickel (55wt.%) and titanium (45wt.%) are the main elements, and in some segments Fe and Cr registered as trace elements. A XRD analysis, at room temperature, showed two similar peaks, characteristic of a Ni-Ti alloy, proof that the archwire is an austenite phase. The DSC data was obtained by measuring the Af temperatures for each segment (heated up to +80°C and cooled down to -80°C), showing that they can be classified as martensite-active wires (heat-activated). Based on that a recommendation can be made to cool down the unused, as-received archwires before clinical use to ensure that they will fit in the brackets easier. On the surface of the as-received archwires small grains can be seen from the SEM micrographs. The obtained results provide orthodontists important information regarding the physicochemical properties of the as-received Bio-active™ archwires. The results can also serve as a foundation for future research on the elemental composition and morphology of clinically applied Bio-active™ archwires.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental composition and structural characteristics of Bio-active™ orthodontic archwire

Stoyanova-Ivanova,

Mihaylov,

Georgiev

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…The archwire’s biomechanical properties (shape memory, force, and superelasticity) can also be attributed to heat-activated archwires. Its shape memory applies progressive forces from the midline to the posterior sections [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Brief Historical Overview Of Niti Archwiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, other authors, such as Sanders et al [ 59 ], have also employed a three-point bending test to examine NiTi archwires. We have also conducted a study [ 39 ] on the mechanical properties of the Bio-active and TriTanium archwires using a specially modified three-point bending apparatus fixed to a standard LMT-100 (LAM Technologies, Firenze, Italy) for physical–mechanical testing ( Figure 4 ). The slot design limits the possibility of undesired deformation processes, ensuring the concept of “controlled” free contact between the orthodontic archwire and the supports without entirely eliminating the chance of slipping during loading.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Multi-force Niti Archwiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Force Bio-Active™ Archwires and Various Contemporary NiTi Multi-Force Archwires: Properties and Characteristics—A Review

Stoyanova-Ivanova,

Petrov,

Martins

et al. 2024

Materials

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The manufacturing of orthodontic archwires made from NiTi alloy has undergone numerous changes from the second half of the last century to modern times. Initially, superelastic-active austenitic NiTi alloys were predominant, followed by thermodynamic-active martensitic NiTi alloys, and, finally, the most recent development was graded thermodynamic alloys. These advancements have been the subject of extensive investigation in numerous studies, as they necessitated a deeper understanding of their properties. Furthermore, it is imperative that we validate the information provided by manufacturers regarding these archwires through independent studies. This review evaluates existing studies on the subject with a specific focus on the Bio-active multi-force NiTi archwire, by examining its mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties before and after clinical use. This archwire consists primarily of Ni and Ti, with traces of Fe and Cr, which release graduated, biologically tolerable forces which increase in a front-to-back direction and are affected by the temperature of the environment they are in. The review provides information to practicing orthodontists, facilitating informed decisions regarding the selection and use of Bio-active™ archwires for individual patient treatments.

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“…Building upon our previous work [ 34 ], in this study, we decided to test the possibility of starting the treatment with rectangular cross-section archwires, which possess a specific thermal behavior (0.016 × 0.022 inches). The aim was to determine the austenite finish temperatures at each segment (frontal, premolar and molar) of clinically used Bio-Active ® and TriTanium ® archwires (up to 8 weeks and over 8 weeks) since the phase transformation temperatures for each orthodontic archwire can provide a more comprehensive understanding and analysis of the physical properties of the archwires and their behavior in clinical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior Changes of As-Received and Retrieved Bio-Active® (BA) and TriTanium® (TR) Multiforce Nickel–Titanium Orthodontic Archwires

et al. 2023

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Multiforce nickel–titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires release progressively increasing forces in a front-to-back direction along their length. The properties of NiTi orthodontic archwires depend on the correlation and characteristics of their microstructural phases (austenite, martensite and the intermediate R-phase). From a clinical and manufacturing point of view, the determination of the austenite finish (Af) temperature is of the greatest importance, as in the austenitic phase, the alloy is most stable and exhibits the final workable form. The main purpose of using multiforce orthodontic archwires is to decrease the intensity of the applied forces to the teeth with a small root surface area, such as the lower central incisors, and also provide forces high enough to move the molars. With the optimally dosed forces of multiforce orthodontic archwires in the frontal, premolar and molar segments, the feeling of pain can be reduced. This will contribute to the greater cooperation of the patient, which is of utmost importance to achieve optimal results. The aim of this research was to determine the Af temperature at each segment of as-received and retrieved Bio-Active® and TriTanium® archwires with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches, investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. A classical Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test and multi-variance comparison based on the ANOVA test statistic using the Bonferroni corrected Mann–Whitney test for multiple comparisons were used. The incisor, premolar and molar segments have different Af temperatures, and they decrease from the anterior to posterior so that the posterior segment has the lowest Af. Bio-Active® and TriTanium® with dimensions of 0.016 × 0.022 inches can be used as first leveling archwires by additional cooling and are not recommended for use on patients with mouth breathing.

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Effects of Clinical Use on the Mechanical Properties of Bio-Active® (BA) and TriTanium® (TR) Multiforce Nickel-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Elemental composition and structural characteristics of Bio-active™ orthodontic archwire

Elemental composition and structural characteristics of Bio-active™ orthodontic archwire

Multi-Force Bio-Active™ Archwires and Various Contemporary NiTi Multi-Force Archwires: Properties and Characteristics—A Review

Thermal Behavior Changes of As-Received and Retrieved Bio-Active® (BA) and TriTanium® (TR) Multiforce Nickel–Titanium Orthodontic Archwires

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