The production cost of greenhouse cultivation depends mainly upon significant amounts of energy consumption in order to keep the optimum environmental condition for plant growth. The expenditure on energy, either for heating or cooling, ranges between 30% to 60% of the total production costs, and any attempt to save energy will result in a positive effect on the potentiality of production accordingly, affecting the greenhouse product prices. Research has shown that CO 2 enrichment in greenhouses significantly increases the yield of most indoor cultivation of plants of the C3 category. For these plants, when the CO 2 concentration increases by three times above that of the atmosphere (380 ppm), the optimum plant growth temperature shifts higher by 5 • C to 10 • C reaching up to 30 • C to 32 • C. Therefore, huge amounts of solar energy can be captured inside the greenhouses, as the ventilation can be decreased. Alongside this, the use of a simple passive solar system consisting of plastic sleeves filled with water is considered to be an improved way to increase the energy inside greenhouses. In this work, three experimental trials were conducted to examine the benefit of the solar energy captured inside a greenhouse during CO 2 enrichment at high temperatures. Finally, a modeling approach based on the heat loss equation was developed in order to establish the energy saving inside the greenhouses under the circumstances mentioned.Energies 2020, 13, 1242 2 of 16 as 200 ppm. Therefore, ventilation is needed to permit the outside air to enter the greenhouse to enable the level of CO 2 to be kept at least around the same as that of the atmosphere.Another more intensive way to increase the CO 2 level inside greenhouses is by introducing CO 2 enrichment directly into the plants. Some experiments have shown that CO 2 enrichment increases the yields by 12% to 25% for different crops such as cucumber, sweet pepper, green bean and tomato [1][2][3]. Other studies present even higher yields for specific crops along with the CO 2 ; for example, tomato crops had a production increase ranging from 30% to 70% [4][5][6][7][8]. Similar behavior is presented by pepper and aubergine cultivation [8][9][10], and also other works referring to cucumber cultivation showed a production increase of between 25% and 50% [8,[11][12][13]. For floriculture plants, the benefit of CO 2 enrichment is reflected mainly in the quality amelioration [14][15][16][17].All the crops mentioned above, as with most of those cultivated in greenhouses, belong to the category of C3 plants which grow under optimum day temperatures ranging from 16 • C to 25 • C, and at night from 14 • C to 18 • C [18]; this emphasizes the necessity of daytime cooling and overnight heating be taken into consideration and the awareness that the most favorable periods for the cultivation of greenhouse crops are the spring and autumn. Experiments have shown that when the CO 2 concentration is increased to about a threefold level rather than the usual 380 ppm, the optimum temperature for...