Effects of CO2 on Cinnamic Acid-4-Hydroxylase in Relation to Phenolic Metabolism in Lettuce Tissue

Siriphanich, Jingtair; Kader, Adel A.

doi:10.21273/jashs.110.3.333

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A step either preceding or following PAL induction was probably inhibited or not induced under high C 0 2 and, therefore, phenolic production was inhibited. Siriphanich and Kader (1985b) found that 15% C 0 2 prevented the increase in cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity. However, subsequent removal of C 0 2 did not result in an increase of this enzyme activity, whereas total phenolic content did increase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon Dioxide-induced Brown Stain Development as Related to Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce

Saltveit

1989

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Controlled atmospheres containing air + 11% CO2 caused tissue injury and induced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activity in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) midrib tissue. Injury symptoms included brown stain (browning of epidermal tissue) and sunken epidermal areas (pitting) a few millimeters in diameter. Pitting occurred in high-CO2 atmospheres at 5C with no increase in phenolic content, but browning did not develop until the tissue had been transferred to air at 25C. Browning developed within several hours of transfer to air and the degree of browning was correlated with the soluble phenolic content. The oxidation of soluble phenolic compounds to brown substances by polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.2) could account for tissue browning. Lignification was associated with cell wall thickening in discolored tissue and was accompanied by an increase in ionically bound and soluble peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activities. Exposure of tissue to elevated CO2 increased ionically bound indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity, but reduced soluble IAA oxidase activity. Application of an aqueous solution of 1.0 mm IAA to the tissue before treatment did not significantly reduce browning. Lettuce tissue exposed to 1.5% O2 + 11% CO2 had reduced PAL activity and lower soluble phenolic content than lettuce exposed to air + 11% CO2. Depending on the sensitivity of the lettuce tissue to CO2 injury, low-O2 atmospheres either reduced or slightly retarded browning induced by 11% CO2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon Dioxide-induced Brown Stain Development as Related to Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce

Saltveit

1989

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was determined by evaluating catechol oxidation at 420 nm after adding 10 mM KPO 4 (pH 7.0) and 20 mM catechol. The absorbance change per min was set at one unit (Siriphanich & Kader, 1985). Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity was assayed by monitoring phenylalanine oxidation at 290 nm after reacting with 1 mM 2‐mercaptoethanol, 100 mM Tris–HCl, and 15 mM L‐phenylalanine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential response of phenylpropanoid pathway as linked to hormonal change in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting drought tolerance

Lee,

Park,

Muchlas

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a significant agro‐economic crop with a wide range of uses. Drought is the most frequent unfavourable environmental stressor restraining its growth and development worldwide. This study was conducted to characterize the drought‐responsive phenylpropanoid pathway and its link to hormonal changes in two cultivars, drought‐resistant “Saturnin” and drought‐susceptible “Mosa.” Drought susceptibility in cv. Mosa was confirmed by its lower water use efficiency and higher lipid peroxidation levels with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In cv. Saturnin, higher salicylic acid (SA) levels and expression of dehydration‐responsive element binding 2 (DREB2) and non‐expressor of pathogenesis‐related gene 1 (NPR1) led to an upregulation of production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1) and phenylpropanoid pathway‐related gene (CHS, F5H and COMT1) expression, increasing hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid compound concentrations. However, in cv. Mosa, higher increases in the activity of lignifying enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, coniferyl alcohol peroxidase, syringaldazine peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) and expression of the lignin synthesis‐related gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2) were found along with greater increases in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and upregulation of ABA‐responsive element binding 2 (AREB2) and basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor MYC2. These results indicate that drought‐induced SA‐mediated activation of the hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid pathways contributes to drought resistance, whereas ABA‐mediated lignification contributes to drought susceptibility.

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“…The activity of defense enzymes such as catalase (CAT) was measured by using the Aebi et al [33] technique and peroxidase (POD) activity was measured as per the guaiacol oxidation technique [34]. A modified version of Siriphanich and Kader's [35] procedure was used to determine the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. The Godwin et al [36] approach was used to measure phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL).…”

Section: Estimation Of Enzyme Activity and Chlorophyll Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting Bell Pepper onto Local Genotypes of Capsicum spp. as Rootstocks to Alleviate Bacterial Wilt and Root-Knot Nematodes under Protected Cultivation

Naik,

Hongal,

Hanchinamani

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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In soil-based protected cultivation, the prevalence of certain diseases like bacterial wilt and nematodes in the bell pepper plant due to its successive cropping pose a threat for maximizing productivity. Considering the potential of grafting to alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses, often relying on rootstock’s capability, we explored the potential of diverse local genotypes of Capsicum spp. to utilize as rootstocks. In this research, we assessed the performance of a commercial bell pepper cv. Massilia F1, grafted onto twenty-five rootstocks along with non-grafted and self-grafted Massilia plants under artificial inoculation conditions of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in a plastic greenhouse. The response of rootstock grafting was determined by assessing disease incidences and their effect on plants growth, yield, and physiology, as well as their efficiency in nutrient accumulation. The grafted plants exhibited varied responses to diseases depending on rootstock genotypes. Notably, Massilia grafted onto the CRS-8 and CRS-1 rootstocks exhibited high bacterial wilt resistance by showing lower percent disease incidence (PDI) (22.22 and 27.78 percent, respectively). Others, like CRS-11, CRS-12, CRS-13, CRS-21, and CRS-24, showed moderate resistance (PDI ranging from 33.33 to 38.89 percent, respectively). The self-grafted and non-grafted plants were highly susceptible and recorded complete mortality by the end of the experiment. All of the grafted plants exhibited promising resistance against nematode infestation compared to non-grafted and self-grafted plants with 26.17 and 8.67 percent root galls, respectively. The susceptible plants had lower shoot and root dry weights, while the resistant graft combinations had comparatively higher biomass. Importantly, grafting induced earliness in flowering and provided higher yields, especially in graft combinations involving the CRS-15, CRS-11, and CRS-8 rootstocks. These graft combinations exhibited significantly higher yields over the non-grafted and self-grafted plants. The plant yield was positively associated with plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of roots, number of fruits per plant, and average fruit weight, but negatively related to bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode incidences. The increased level of antioxidant enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) and the higher total chlorophyll content in the resistant grafted plants indicates their better ability to cope with diseases at the cellular level. This study highlights the robust performance of certain rootstocks from Capsicum annuum (CRS-1, CRS-2, CRS-11, CRS-15) and Capsicum frutescens (CRS-8, CRS-13, CRS-22) species across multiple measured parameters. Grafting emerges as a sustainable solution for bell pepper production in bacterial wilt- and nematode-infested soil under plastic greenhouses.

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Effects of CO2 on Cinnamic Acid-4-Hydroxylase in Relation to Phenolic Metabolism in Lettuce Tissue

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Carbon Dioxide-induced Brown Stain Development as Related to Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce

Carbon Dioxide-induced Brown Stain Development as Related to Phenolic Metabolism in Iceberg Lettuce

Differential response of phenylpropanoid pathway as linked to hormonal change in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting drought tolerance

Grafting Bell Pepper onto Local Genotypes of Capsicum spp. as Rootstocks to Alleviate Bacterial Wilt and Root-Knot Nematodes under Protected Cultivation

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