Pore structure plays an important role in the preservation
and
migration of shale gas. The pore structure of shale samples from the
lower Palaeozoic Lujiaping and Longmaxi Formations in northeastern
Chongqing was characterized by image analysis and fluid injection,
and the porosity, homogeneity, and roughness were studied by using
various fractal methods. The results indicate that compared with the
shale facies of the Longmaxi Formation, the Lujiaping Formation has
more developed organic matter pores, smaller macropore (>50 nm)
volumes,
smaller macropore specific surface areas, smaller mesopore (2–50
nm) volumes, larger mesopore specific surface areas, larger micropore
(<2 nm) volumes, and micropore specific surface areas. The shale
samples of the Lujiaping Formation are in the stage of micrographitization,
lack a rigid skeleton, and are obviously influenced by other external
factors such as compaction; there is no obvious correlation between
pore structure and R
O, TOC (total organic
carbon), and clay and quartz of the Lujiaping Formation. However,
the maturity of the shale samples of the Longmaxi Formation is in
the high-maturity stage, which has not yet reached the organic carbonization
stage or has a low carbonization degree and is less affected by compaction.
The mesopore and micropore volumes and specific surface area have
obvious negative correlations with R
O,
TOC, and quartz minerals and positive correlations with clay minerals.
In addition, compared with the Longmaxi Formation shale, the Lujiaping
Formation shale has larger fractal dimensions of macropores, mesopores,
and micropores, which indicates that it has stronger heterogeneity,
stronger pore roughness, and more complex morphology. At the same
time, the fractal dimension of mesopores and micropores has a negative
correlation with R
O, TOC, and quartz.
The main reason for the poor prospects of shale exploitation in the
Lujiaping Formation may be pore shrinkage in the micrographitization
stage.