Effects of coffee on cardiovascular responses to stress: a 14-week controlled trial.

Dusseldorp, M. van; Smits, P.; Lenders, Jacques W.M.; Temme, L.; Thien, Theo; Katan, M.B.

doi:10.1097/00006842-199205000-00010

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…28 -30 Higher BP was seen during orthostatic challenge when volunteers consumed 6 cups of coffee per day for 8 weeks versus none. 31 Both findings are consistent with a continued effect of acute caffeine in regular users. (2) Residual plasma caffeine levels affect the results of adenosine perfusion scans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Blood Pressure Response to Caffeine Shows Incomplete Tolerance After Short-Term Regular Consumption

Lovallo

Wilson²,

Vincent³

et al. 2004

Hypertension

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Abstract-Caffeine acutely raises blood pressure (BP). The clinical significance of this effect depends on whether BP responses persist in persons who consume caffeine on a daily basis. Accordingly, the ability of caffeine to raise BP after 5 days of regular daily intake was tested in a randomized controlled trial. Individual differences in tolerance formation were then examined. Men (nϭ49) and women (nϭ48) completed a double-blind, crossover trial conducted over 4 weeks. During each week, subjects abstained for 5 days from dietary caffeine and instead used capsules totaling 0 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg of caffeine per day in 3 divided doses. On day 6, in the laboratory, they used capsules with either 0 mg or 250 mg of caffeine at 9:00 AM and 1:00 PM. Systolic/diastolic BP increases as a result of 250 mg of caffeine remained significant (PϽ0.006/0.001) at all levels of previous daily consumption. Individual difference comparisons found that although half the subjects had complete loss of systolic and diastolic BP responses to the challenge doses, the other half showed no loss in BP response, even after using 600 mg of caffeine per day for the previous 5 days (F Ͼ7.90, P Ͻ0.001). The sexes did not differ in degree of tolerance formation. Daily caffeine consumption failed to eliminate the BP response to repeated challenge doses of caffeine in half of the healthy adults who were tested. Caffeine may therefore cause persistent BP effects in persons who are regular consumers, even when daily intake is at moderately high levels. Key Words: caffeine Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ men Ⅲ women Ⅲ diet C affeine is considered to be the world's most widely consumed pharmacological substance. More than 90% of United States adults report consuming caffeine on a daily basis. 1 The reported intake of caffeine averages 4 mg/kg per day for each adult consumer, 2 an amount equivalent to 2 to 4 cups of brewed coffee. Caffeine enters all tissue compartments, 3 and through its actions at the adenosine receptor, 4 it has widespread effects on the central nervous system and all peripheral tissues. Caffeine's near-universal consumption and its pervasive physiological effects have led to questions about its potential influence on health, particularly cardiovascular disease.Caffeine's best-known cardiovascular effect is increasing blood pressure (BP), 5,6 and caffeine is found to be the constituent of coffee that causes BP to increase. 6 -8 Studies in men show that caffeine increases BP by raising peripheral vascular resistance, 9 an effect consistent with its ability to block vascular adenosine receptors. 10,11 Vascular resistance is also higher in hypertension, and acute caffeine doses produce larger and more long-lasting BP responses in healthy persons at high-risk for future hypertension. 12,13 However, epidemiological studies have not found a consistent relationship between dietary caffeine intake and incidence of hypertension. 14 A reason that is advanced for the lack of such relationship is that regular caffeine consumption is thought to lead to co...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Blood Pressure Response to Caffeine Shows Incomplete Tolerance After Short-Term Regular Consumption

Lovallo

Wilson²,

Vincent³

et al. 2004

Hypertension

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“…A final influence on the effect of caffeine on HR is the effect that caffeine may have in the face of "stress". Coffee has been shown to increase the HR response to mental stress [ 35 ]. The tendency of caffeine alone to reduce heart rate appears to be reversed when caffeine is consumed during active coping stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low doses of caffeine reduce heart rate during submaximal cycle ergometry

McClaran

Wetter

2007

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…When studies had both ambulatory and resting blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure measurement was used in the analysis. [32][33][34][37][38][39] Ambulatory measurements were used for 2 reasons. First, information needed to calculate the net effect of coffee intake on blood pressure was not available for resting blood pressure measurements in 2 studies.…”

Section: Data Abstractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Chronic Coffee Drinking on Blood Pressure

et al. 1999

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Abstract-We sought to assess the effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure in humans. Our data sources included a MEDLINE search of the literature published before December 1997, bibliography review, and expert consultation. We selected controlled trials in which coffee consumption was the only difference between the intervention and control groups, mean blood pressure change was reported for each group or period, and treatment lasted for Ͼ24 hours. Of 36 studies initially identified, 11 (522 participants) met these inclusion criteria. Information on sample size, study design, participant characteristics (gender, race, age, baseline blood pressure, and antihypertensive medications), and treatment results were abstracted by 3 reviewers using a standardized protocol. Treatment effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure was estimated with the use of a random-effects model. In the 11 trials, median duration was 56 days (range, 14 to 79 days), and median dose of coffee was 5 cups/d. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 2.4 (range, 1.0 to 3.7) mm Hg and 1.2 (range, 0.4 to 2.1) mm Hg, respectively, with coffee treatment compared with control. Multiple linear regression analysis identified an independent, positive relationship between cups of coffee consumed and subsequent change in systolic blood pressure, independent of age of study participants and study design characteristics. The effect of coffee drinking on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was greater in trials with younger participants. Our findings provide support for a relationship between coffee consumption and higher blood pressure. Trials of coffee cessation of longer duration and in persons with hypertension should be performed. (Hypertension. 1999;33:647-652.)Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ coffee Ⅲ meta-analysis Ⅲ clinical trials I t has long been suspected that coffee consumption may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Some 1-5 but not all 6 -10 cross-sectional studies have identified a positive association between coffee drinking and blood pressure. At least one prospective study 11 has shown that coffee drinking is associated with an increase in blood pressure. Inferences regarding causality, however, must be made with caution from observational studies because other characteristics associated with coffee drinking may underlie the observed relationships.Experimental studies provide the best opportunity to determine whether a relationship is causal and whether an intervention, such as coffee cessation, has therapeutic relevance. In 1934, Horst et al 12 reported on a clinical trial of coffee drinking in hypertensive patients. Since then, Ͼ36 experimental investigations of the effects of coffee consumption on blood pressure in humans have been published. However, most of these trials have been small and cannot provide definitive results. The effects of coffee drinking on heart rate and the question of whether the health effects of coffee drinking differ according to the method used for brewing have also been controve...

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Effects of coffee on cardiovascular responses to stress: a 14-week controlled trial.

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Blood Pressure Response to Caffeine Shows Incomplete Tolerance After Short-Term Regular Consumption

Blood Pressure Response to Caffeine Shows Incomplete Tolerance After Short-Term Regular Consumption

Low doses of caffeine reduce heart rate during submaximal cycle ergometry

The Effect of Chronic Coffee Drinking on Blood Pressure

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