Effects of cognitive load on semantic priming in patients with schizophrenia.

Henik, Avishai; Nissimov, Erez; Priel, Beatriz; Umansky, Roberto

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.4.576

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, given that the majority of studies show a hyperpriming effect in schizophrenia patients (e.g. Henik et al, 1995;Kwapil et al, 1990;Manschreck et al, 1988;Spitzer et al, 1993Spitzer et al, , 1994 one might assume that there is some amount of increased activation in the semantic network. The preliminary data of Mathalon et al (2001) indicate that N400 is smaller in patients than controls at short presentation intervals, suggesting the presence of early hyperpriming in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic bias, homograph comprehension, and event-related potentials in schizophrenia

Salisbury

Shenton

Nestor³

et al. 2002

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objectives-It is controversial whether a semantic processing bias for strong associates is present in schizophrenia, and unknown whether the language abnormalities observed in schizophrenia can be attributed to dysfunctions early or late in cognitive processing. Combined behavioral and eventrelated potential (ERP) data can indicate the nature and timing of such abnormalities.Methods-Sensibility judgements of dominant and subordinate homograph sentences were measured in 12 schizophrenia patients and 13 normal controls. ERPs were recorded to the disambiguating sentence-ending word.Results-All subjects showed greatest misinterpretation of subordinate homograph sentences, but schizophrenia patients particularly misinterpreted these sentence types. For control subjects, subordinate homograph sentences that were classified as nonsensical showed greater N400 than those classified as sensible. By contrast, the N400 of patients was large, regardless of the sensibility judgement -patients' brains initially responded to all subordinate sentences as if nonsensical. These data are consonant with a semantic bias. However, the patients' N400 to dominant homograph sentence endings was also larger than that of controls, a finding not consonant with a semantic bias. Conclusions-The behavioral results indicate a selective comprehension abnormality in schizophrenia dependent on the content of verbal memory. The ERP results suggest a pervasive contextual memory failure. A semantic activation decay model is proposed to explain these results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic bias, homograph comprehension, and event-related potentials in schizophrenia

Salisbury

Shenton

Nestor³

et al. 2002

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…The hypothesis of dysfunction in automatic activation within semantic networks assumes that the initial activation is faster acting and/or spreads too far, which results in loose associations and derailed thinking (17)(18)(19)(20). The hypothesis of disturbed controlled processes assumes that semantic dysfunction manifests itself later, when the processes of integrating a prior semantic context come into play (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Dysfunction in Women With Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Niznikiewicz¹,

Shenton²,

Voglmaier³

et al. 2002

AJP

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Objective-This study examined whether early or late processes in semantic networks were abnormal in women with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder. The N400 component of the EEG event-related potentials was used as a probe of semantic processes.Method-Word pairs were presented with short and long stimulus-onset asynchronies to investigate, respectively, early and late semantic processes in 16 women with schizotypal personality disorder and 15 normal female comparison subjects. Event-related potentials were recorded in response to the last words in a pair.Results-With the short stimulus-onset asynchrony, the N400 amplitude was less negative in the schizotypal personality disorder group than in the normal comparison group. No group differences were found with the long stimulus-onset asynchrony.Conclusions-The finding of a less negative than normal N400 amplitude with the short stimulusonset asynchrony in women with schizotypal personality disorder supports the hypothesis that persons with this disorder evince an overactivation of semantic networks. The absence of group differences with the long stimulus-onset asynchrony, which is primarily sensitive to processes involved in context integration, suggests that in this group of schizotypal personality disorder subjects, additional demands on working memory may be necessary to bring out the semantic dysfunction.Language dysfunction in schizophrenia has been regarded a cardinal symptom of this disorder for almost a century (1). Clinical reports abound with examples of speech samples characterized by loose associations, lack of sensitivity to context, defective use of pronouns (2-4), or the inability to carry on a conversation bound by a theme (5). More recently, it has been proposed that language abnormalities in schizophrenia are mediated by dysfunctional processes in semantic memory. Specifically, it has been suggested that processes of activation and/or context utilization may be abnormal.Although several studies have investigated semantic processes in schizophrenia, few studies have evaluated schizotypal personality disorder. Persons with a diagnosis of either schizotypal personality disorder or schizophrenia share the same genetic diathesis (6,7). However, persons with schizotypal personality disorder do not have the potentially confounding history of psychosis or hospitalization. Furthermore, studies of cognitive functions in subjects with NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript schizotypal personality disorder have reported impairments similar to but less severe than those observed in schizophrenic subjects (8-11).Semantic memory can be thought of in terms of its structure and the processes that operate on it. Recent formulations postulate that the structure of semantic memory is instantiated by a network of semantic features, such that words close in meaning, such as "water," "fish," and "ocean," are well connected with each other, and words of distant meanings, such as "water," "pen," and "free," are not w...

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“…642 6 85 605 6 92 99 6 n.a. Henik et al, 1995 (pooled data 24001840 ms SOA; raw RT data not given) Chapin et al, 1989 (RT data only in figure; no accuracy data) Chapin et al, 1992 (RT data only in figure, log-transformed; accuracy data only in figure) Barch et al, 1996 Medicated: 200 ms SOA 750.9 6 164.4 730.7 6 150.6 .99 6 n.a. 546.0 6 72.9 532.2 6 62.8 .99 6 n.a.…”

Section: Evidence For Normal Automatic Information Processing In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henik et al (1995), in a report described in part above, focused primarily on the impact of an increased cognitive processing load on semantic priming effects. Sixteen schizophrenia participants and 16 normal controls performed an LDT with SOAs favoring either automatic or controlled processes (inconsistently indicated in the report as either 100 and 1700 ms, or as 240 and 1840 ms), and 50% relatedness proportion.…”

Section: Evidence For Impaired Controlled/ Attentional Information Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No explanation was offered for the finding of faster overall RTs, which has not been observed in any other semantic priming study involving group comparisons of schizophrenia and control participants. Henik et al (1995), in a complex LDT designed primarily to evaluate the effect of information processing load on semantic priming in schizophrenia (as described below in the section devoted to controlled information processing), also attempted to address spreading activation in schizophrenia participants. Sixteen schizophrenia participants (all said to be TD by undefined criteria from the SADS) and 16 normal controls performed an LDT with a 50% relatedness proportion.…”

Section: Evidence For Enhanced Automatic Information Processing In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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In this paper, we present a review of semantic priming experiments in schizophrenia. Semantic priming paradigms show utility in assessing the role of deficits in semantic memory network access in the pathology of schizophrenia. The studies are placed in the context of current models of information processing. In this review we include all English-language reports (from peer-reviewed journals) of single-word semantic priming studies involving participants with schizophrenia. The studies to date show schizophrenic patients to exhibit variable semantic priming effects under automatic processing conditions, and consistent impairments under controlled0attentional conditions. We also describe associations with other neurocognitive dysfunction, neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances, and clinical manifestations (such as thought disorder).

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Effects of cognitive load on semantic priming in patients with schizophrenia.

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Semantic bias, homograph comprehension, and event-related potentials in schizophrenia

Semantic bias, homograph comprehension, and event-related potentials in schizophrenia

Semantic Dysfunction in Women With Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

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