Effects of cognitive stimulation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review

Fukushima, Raiana Lídice Mór; Carmo, Elisângela Gisele do; Pedroso, Renata do Valle; Micali, Pollyanna Natalia; Donadelli, Paula Secomandi; Fuzaro, Gilson; Venancio, Reisa Cristiane de Paula; Viola, Juliana; Costa, José Luiz Riani

doi:10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1003003

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A systematic review 55 found that exercise has a positive effect on overall cognitive function and may slow the rate of cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer's dementia. A systematic review 56 found that cognitive stimulation had beneficial effects on cognitive function and some aspects of well‐being in people with Alzheimer's dementia. Another systematic review 57 reported that cognitive stimulation was associated with improved scores on tests of depression in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia. A summary of systematic reviews 58 reported that cognitive stimulation, music‐based therapies and psychological treatment (for example, cognitive behavioral therapy) improved depression, anxiety and quality of life in people with dementia. A summary of systematic reviews 59 of cognitive training for people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia found cognitive training may show some benefits in overall cognition that may last for at least a few months.…”

Section: Overview Of Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,865

849

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the challenges of providing equitable health care for people with dementia in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth‐leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth‐leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated in 2020 by the COVID‐19 pandemic. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 15.3 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2020. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $256.7 billion in 2020. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes — costs that have been aggravated by COVID‐19. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2021 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $355 billion. Despite years of efforts to make health care more equitable in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities remain — both in terms of health disparities, which involve differences in the burden of illness, and health care disparities, which involve differences in the ability to use health care services. Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans and Native Americans continue to have a higher burden of illness and lower access to health care compared with Whites. Such disparities, which have become more apparent during COVID‐19, extend to dementia care. Surveys commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association recently shed new light on the role of discrimination in dementia care, the varying levels of trust between racial and ethnic groups in medical research, and the differences between groups in their levels of concern about and awareness of Alzheimer's disease. These findings emphasize the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in both the dementia care workforce and in Alzheimer's clinical trials.

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Section: Overview Of Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia

1,865

849

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“…A systematic review 53 found that exercise has a positive effect on overall cognitive function and may slow the rate of cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer's dementia. A systematic review 54 found that cognitive stimulation had beneficial effects on cognitive function and some aspects of well‐being in people with Alzheimer's dementia. Another systematic review 55 reported that cognitive stimulation was associated with improved scores on tests of depression in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia. A 2019 summary 56 of systematic reviews reported that cognitive stimulation, music‐based therapies and psychological treatment (for example, cognitive behavioral therapy) improved depression, anxiety and quality of life in people with dementia. A 2019 summary of systematic reviews 57 of cognitive training for people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia found cognitive training may show some benefits in overall cognition that may last for at least a few months.…”

Section: Overview Of Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• A systematic review 54 found that cognitive stimulation had beneficial effects on cognitive function and some aspects of well-being in people with Alzheimer's dementia. Another systematic review 55 reported that cognitive stimulation was associated with improved scores on tests of depression in people with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia. A 2019 summary 56 of systematic reviews reported that cognitive stimulation, music-based therapies and psychological treatment (for example, cognitive behavioral therapy) improved depression, anxiety and quality of life in people with dementia.…”

Section: Non-pharmacologic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

2,033

653

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the future challenges of meeting care demands for the growing number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States with a particular emphasis on primary care. By mid‐century, the number of Americans age 65 and older with Alzheimer's dementia may grow to 13.8 million. This represents a steep increase from the estimated 5.8 million Americans age 65 and older who have Alzheimer's dementia today. Official death certificates recorded 122,019 deaths from AD in 2018, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2018, deaths resulting from stroke, HIV and heart disease decreased, whereas reported deaths from Alzheimer's increased 146.2%. In 2019, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.6 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $244 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2020 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $305 billion. As the population of Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia increases, the burden of caring for that population also increases. These challenges are exacerbated by a shortage of dementia care specialists, which places an increasing burden on primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide care for people living with dementia. Many PCPs feel underprepared and inadequately trained to handle dementia care responsibilities effectively. This report includes recommendations for maximizing quality care in the face of the shortage of specialists and training challenges in primary care.

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“…Two systematic reviews of systematic reviews (Abraha et al, 2017;Vilela, Pacheco, Latorraca, Pachito, & Riera, 2017) reveal that non-pharmacological interventions have positive effects on reducing BPSD, improving cognitive function, activities of daily living, and social interaction ability of patients with dementia. For apathy, there are several systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Brodaty & Burns, 2012;Fukushima et al, 2016;Goris, Ansel, & Schutte, 2016;Lane-Brown & Tate, 2009;Theleritis, Siarkos, Katirtzoglou, & Politis, 2016;Theleritis, Siarkos, Politis, Katirtzoglou, & Politis, 2018;Tsoi et al, 2018;Verkaik, Weert, & Francke, 2005;Zafra-Tanaka, Pacheco-Barrios, Tellez, & Taype-Rondan, 2019) of non-pharmacological interventions in patients with dementia. Nevertheless, these reviews involve diversified non-pharmacological interventions and lack evaluation of methodological quality and classification of evidence quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Non‐Pharmacological Interventions on Apathy in Patients With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews

Cai

et al. 2020

Worldviews Ev Based Nurs

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Background Apathy is one of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which is the most frequent and can accelerate the progress of dementia. Aims To systematically review the evidence of effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions on apathy in patients with dementia. Methods Databases including the Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data were searched for systematic reviews of the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions on apathy in patients with dementia. AMSTAR 2 was applied to assess the methodological quality of reviews. Results Nine systematic reviews were included. The average level of overall confidence for included systematic reviews was low. Among all the non‐pharmacological interventions involved in this review, the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation, music therapy, cognitive stimulation, and pet therapy was relatively robust. The effects of reminiscence therapy, therapeutic conversation, progressive muscle relaxation, art therapy, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, dementia special care units, nursing staff education, and comprehensive interventions need to be validated further. Meanwhile, the current evidence failed to support the effects of psychomotor therapy and validation therapy on apathy. Linking Evidence to Action Non‐pharmacological interventions for apathy in patients with dementia are acceptable. In spite of requirements for adequate and high‐quality original studies and quantitative systematic reviews to validate the efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions, multisensory stimulation, music therapy, cognitive stimulation, and pet therapy are deemed the most helpful according to evidences available.

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Effects of cognitive stimulation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

The Effectiveness of Non‐Pharmacological Interventions on Apathy in Patients With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews

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