Effects of colloids on metal transport in a river receiving acid mine drainage, upper Arkansas River, Colorado, U.S.A.

The fate of geothermal arsenic in the Madison and Missouri Rivers, Montana and Wyoming

“…Periodic samples were collected using cross-sectional, depth-integrated methods described by Guy and Norman [1970], USGS [1977], and Knapton [1985]. Diurnal sampling involved repetitive depth-integrated sampling at a single vertical located as far into the river as could be safely waded at night.…”

“…Instantaneous streamflow was determined by direct measurement or stage-discharge rating [Rantz et al, 1982]. Sampling and quality-assurance procedures used for collection and field processing of water-quality samples are described by Knapton [1985], Edwards and Glysson [1988], Ward and Harr [1990], and Knapton and Nitnick [1991]. Most water samples were analyzed by the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory, Arvada, Colorado, using methods described by Fishman and Friedman [1989] and Fishman [1993].…”

An Investigation of Heavy Metal Exposure and Risks to Wildlife in the Kafue Flats of Zambia.

“…, Kennedy CHOONGO 1) , Yoshikazu NAKAZATO 1) , Misao ONUMA 2) , Chihiro SUGIMOTO 1) , Toshio TSUBOTA 3) , Hideto FUKUSHI 3) , Mitsutoshi YOSHIDA 4) , Tadashi ITAGAKI 5) and Jun YASUDA 3) Food chain analysis of wildlife exposures to metals has received increasing attention over the past years particularly with the recent emphasis on assessing ecological risks at hazardous waste sites [2,5,14,15]. At mining waste contaminated areas, elevations of metals have been observed in a variety of wildlife species including plants and whether these increases pose a risk of adverse impacts to the exposed organisms along the food chain is still an ongoing concern [2,4,11].…”

“…A number of factors could have been responsible for the observed low levels. First and foremost, heavy metals are known to coat to plants, particles, algaes and insects in the river [3] and thus are unavailable in the surface smooth flowing water which was sampled. Secondly, the sediment has been identified in many studies to be where most heavy metals are trapped [8,10] and as such only when there is activity that would disturb the separation between sediment and surface water flow would surface water heavy metal levels increase.…”

Application of a Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC) ICP-MS in Chromium and Iron Determinations in Rock, Soil and Terrestrial Water Samples

“…Iron is also an essential nutrient. Furthermore, Fe-bearing minerals, such as Fe oxy-hydroxides, generally act as not only heavy-metal carriers during river transport, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] but also as heavy-metal reservoirs in soils and sediments. [10][11][12] Accordingly, it is of extreme importance to establish reliable methods to determine their concentrations.…”