Effects of color-enhancing glasses on color vision in congenital red-green color deficiencies

Patterson, Emily J; Mastey, Rebecca; Kuchenbecker, James A.; Rowlan, Jessica S.; Neitz, Jay; Neitz, Maureen; Carroll, Joseph

doi:10.1364/oe.451295

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some studies have used digital tests for CVD. No significant effects of EnChroma filters have been found for the CAD test (Patterson et al, 2022), the CVA-UMinho test (Álvaro et al, 2022) or a computerized version of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test (Almutairi et al, 2017). However, small significant effects of Oxy-Iso filters have been reported for the CAD test (Patterson et al, 2022) and of EnChroma filters on computerized versions of the Ishihara Plates test (Almutairi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No significant effects of EnChroma filters have been found for the CAD test (Patterson et al, 2022), the CVA-UMinho test (Álvaro et al, 2022) or a computerized version of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test (Almutairi et al, 2017). However, small significant effects of Oxy-Iso filters have been reported for the CAD test (Patterson et al, 2022) and of EnChroma filters on computerized versions of the Ishihara Plates test (Almutairi et al, 2017). These positive effects have been interpreted as arising from luminance differences between target and distractor colors introduced by the filters (Patterson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, small significant effects of Oxy-Iso filters have been reported for the CAD test (Patterson et al, 2022) and of EnChroma filters on computerized versions of the Ishihara Plates test (Almutairi et al, 2017). These positive effects have been interpreted as arising from luminance differences between target and distractor colors introduced by the filters (Patterson et al, 2022). Though there are mixed results of EnChroma filters for digital tests, it is likely that the filters are less effective for screen-rendered colors than for broadband surfaces in the real world, as the notch likely coincides (at least to an extent) with the spectral gap between display red and green primaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical tests of the effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color vision in anomalous trichromacy

Bosten¹,

Franklin²,

Somers³

2023

Preprint

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Manufacturers of notch filter-based aids for color vision claim that their products can enhance color perception for people with anomalous trichromacy, a form of color vision deficiency (CVD). Anecdotal reports imply that people with CVD can have radically enhanced color vision when using the filters. However, existing empirical research largely focussed on the effect of notch filters on performance on diagnostic tests for CVD has not found that they have any substantial effect. Informed by a model of anomalous trichromatic color vision, we selected stimuli predicted to reveal an effect of EnChroma filters. Using these stimuli, we tested the ability of EnChroma filters to enhance color vision for 10 anomalous trichromats in three experiments: 1. asymmetric color matching between test and control filter conditions, 2. color discrimination measured using four alternative forced-choice, and 3. color appearance measured using dissimilarity ratings to reconstruct subjective color spaces using multidimensional scaling. To investigate potential effects of long-term adaptation or perceptual learning, participants completed all three experiments at two time points, on first exposure to the filters, and after a week of regular use. We found a significant effect of the filters on color matches in the direction predicted by the model at both time points, implying that the filters can enhance the anomalous trichromatic color gamut. However, we found minimal effect of the filters on color discrimination. We found a significant effect of the filters in enhancing the appearance of colors along the red-green axis, but only at the first time point, and not after a week of regular use. Our results provide the first good evidence that notch filters can enhance color perception for anomalous trichromats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirical tests of the effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color vision in anomalous trichromacy

Bosten¹,

Franklin²,

Somers³

2023

Preprint

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“…Spectral notches in the transmission spectra of EnChroma filters are designed to increase the difference between the signals of the cone types sensitive in the medium and long wavelength part of the spectrum by filtering out light in the spectral region where the cone sensitivity functions are most similar. However, thus far, there has been limited empirical support for their effectiveness, and several studies have concluded that they are largely ineffective (Álvaro et al, 2022;Gómez-Robledo et al, 2018;Patterson et al, 2022;Pattie et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color perception in anomalous trichromats

Bosten,

Somers

2023

Preprint

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EnChroma filters are aids designed to improve color vision for anomalous trichromats. However, their use is controversial, because the results of lab-based assessments of their effectiveness have so far largely failed to agree with positive anecdotal reports. However, the effectiveness of EnChroma filters will vary depending on the conditions of viewing, including whether the stimuli are broadband reflective surfaces or colors presented on RGB displays, whether illumination spectra are broadband or narrowband, the transmission spectra of particular filters, and the cone spectral sensitivity functions of the observer. We created a model of anomalous trichromatic color vision to predict the effects of EnChroma filters on red-green color vision. Using the model we varied illumination, filter model and observer cone sensitivity functions, and tested the effect of presenting colors as broadband reflective surfaces or on RGB displays. We also used hyperspectral images to assess the impact of the filters on red-green color vision for natural scenes. Model results predicted that the filters are broadly effective at enhancing red-green contrasts under a range of viewing conditions, but are substantially more effective for deuteranomals than for protanomals. They are predicted to be more effective for broadband reflective surfaces presented under broadband illuminants than for surfaces presented under narrowband illuminants or for colors presented on RGB displays. Since the potential impacts of contrast adaptation and perceptual learning are not considered in the model, itneeds validating empirically. Results of empirical tests of the effects of EnChroma filters on deuteranomalous color vision in comparison with model predictions are presented in an accompanying paper (Somers et al., in prep.).

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Color Blindness: Inherited

McIlwaine,

Carroll

2024

Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology

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Effects of color-enhancing glasses on color vision in congenital red-green color deficiencies

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Empirical tests of the effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color vision in anomalous trichromacy

Empirical tests of the effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color vision in anomalous trichromacy

Predicted effectiveness of EnChroma multi-notch filters for enhancing color perception in anomalous trichromats

Color Blindness: Inherited

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