Effects of combined toxicity of methamphetamine and ketamine on apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells

Liang, Ziyang; Yin, Ping; Zhao, Liancheng

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.110653

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Cytotoxic effects of ketamine have already been reported for HepG2 cells by Liang et al (25) but at much higher concentrations (≥1.0 mol/L). On the other hand, Slikker et al (26) reported no significant drop in the viability of neural stem cells at concentrations below 500 µmol/L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

Jurič,

Lovaković,

Zandona

et al. 2023

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic used to induce general anaesthesia in humans and laboratory animals. Due to its hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, it is also used as a recreational drug. Anaesthetic agents can cause toxic effects at the cellular level and affect cell survival, induce DNA damage, and cause oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. The aim of this study was to explore these possible adverse effects of ketamine on hepatocellular HepG2 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after 24-hour exposure to a concentration range covering concentrations used in analgesia, drug abuse, and anaesthesia (0.39, 1.56, and 6.25 µmol/L, respectively). At these concentrations ketamine had relatively low toxic outcomes, as it lowered HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell viability up to 30 %, and low, potentially repairable DNA damage. Interestingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) remained unchanged in both cell lines. On the other hand, oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT)] pointed to ketamine-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

Jurič,

Lovaković,

Zandona

et al. 2023

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…In human autopsy cases, the stimulants are used as neurostimulants; however, in culture experiments, 4-AP is used instead of stimulants. Studies have shown that some cells do not respond to the administration of stimulants into cultured cells unless a large amount of the stimulant is used in the cultured cells, and thus, 4-AP was used [20][21][22]. Although 4-AP is a potassium blocker [23,24], as mentioned earlier, caffeine is a highly lipophilic substance [13] and can easily pass through cell membranes, so we thought that the BCSFB would not be susceptible to the effects of 4-AP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Central Nervous System Stimulants Limit Caffeine Transport at the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Ikeda-Murakami

Tani

Ikeda

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Caffeine, a common ingredient in energy drinks, crosses the blood–brain barrier easily, but the kinetics of caffeine across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) has not been investigated. Therefore, 127 autopsy cases (Group A, 30 patients, stimulant-detected group; and Group B, 97 patients, no stimulant detected group) were examined. In addition, a BCSFB model was constructed using human vascular endothelial cells and human choroid plexus epithelial cells separated by a filter, and the kinetics of caffeine in the BCSFB and the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a neuroexcitatory agent, were studied. Caffeine concentrations in right heart blood (Rs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared in the autopsy cases: caffeine concentrations were higher in Rs than CSF in Group A compared to Group B. In the BCSFB model, caffeine and 4-AP were added to the upper layer, and the concentration in the lower layer of choroid plexus epithelial cells was measured. The CSF caffeine concentration was suppressed, depending on the 4-AP concentration. Histomorphological examination suggested that choroid plexus epithelial cells were involved in inhibiting the efflux of caffeine to the CSF. Thus, the simultaneous presence of stimulants and caffeine inhibits caffeine transfer across the BCSFB.

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“…Symptoms such as amphetamine cravings, heightened hunger, agitation, cognitive impairment, weariness, physical discomfort, disrupted sleep patterns, intense dreams and nightmares, anxiety, depressive episodes, and paranoid ideation have been reported. [ 19 20 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Methamphetamine Abuse among Youth and its Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia

Ibrahiem,

Al Dawsari,

Almeaqli

et al. 2024

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

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Objective: The present study aimed to conduct an assessment of parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward methamphetamine “shabu” abuse among youth and its risk factors. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 1179 parents. Parents were assured that questionnaire content would stay classified and was given anonymously. It had 20 demographic, drug use, and addiction treatment questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences v. 24 and Chi-Square test were used to examine the data after evaluating and coding it. Results: Out of a total of 1179 participants, only 11% had not heard about shabu, about 38% did not know the main symptoms of crystal addiction, and 46% did not know the long side effects of crystal addiction. The majority of participants mentioned that shabu is available in powder format (57%) or liquid (13%), while 27% did not know its form. Most of the participants (97%) think that the drug of shabu or crystal or ice is dangerous; about 60% of participants mentioned that there is an addict in the family. Conclusion: Parents have good knowledge levels regarding different aspects of methamphetamine or shabu abuse, symptoms, and its risk factors. Further in-depth studies are needed at whole Saudi Arabia.

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Effects of combined toxicity of methamphetamine and ketamine on apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

The effects of ketamine on viability, primary DNA damage, and oxidative stress parameters in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells

Central Nervous System Stimulants Limit Caffeine Transport at the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Methamphetamine Abuse among Youth and its Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia

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