Effects of Communication Signal Delay on the Power Grid: A Review

This work aims to solve the specific problem in the Power Internet of Things (PIoT). PIoT is vulnerable to monitoring, tampering, forgery, and other attacks during frequent data interaction under the background of big data, leading to a severe threat to the power grid’s Information Security (ISEC). Cryptosystems can solve ISEC problems, such as confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, identity recognition, data control, and nonrepudiation. Thereupon, this work expounds on cryptography from public-key encryption and digital signature and puts forward the model of network information attack. Then, the security of the two cryptograms is certified against the two cyberattack modes. On this basis, an Identity-based Combined Encryption and Signature (IBCES) ensemble scheme is proposed by combining public-key encryption with the digital signature. Finally, the security of the proposed IBCES’s encryption and the signature schemes is verified, and the results prove their feasibility. The results show that the proposed IBCEs are effective and feasible, fully meeting the information confidentiality requirements. Additionally, smart grid against Information Security (ISEC) algorithms must comprehensively consider network resources and computing power. This work creatively combines the two cryptosystems. The proposal breaks the traditional key segmentation principle by applying the same key to different cryptosystems and ensures the independent security of the two cryptosystems. The conclusion provides technical support for future research on cryptography.

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“…Online Signature. Given (I D, δ), the online signature algorithm is calculated by equations ( 11) and (12):…”

Section: Ofine Encryptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an illustration, the Combined Public Key (CPK) is an encryption algorithm to obtain large-scale encryption with minimal resources [11]. In particular, network resources and computing power must be given full consideration [12] alongside communication delays to realize instant messaging [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Security Protection of Internet of Energy Using Ensemble Public Key Algorithm under Big Data

Lin

Geng

2023

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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“…An MPC-based LFC system can be an effective solution for maintaining stable frequency and power balance within a marine microgrid, while also optimizing the utilization of the available power sources. The MPC controller should be designed and tested to handle constraints on the power sources and loads while also optimizing the performance of the system [47]. This can lead to the improved efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the marine microgrid operation.…”

Section: Model Predictive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Load Frequency Control in Standalone Marine Microgrids Using Meta-Heuristic Techniques

2023

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Integrating renewable resources into the electrical systems of marine vessels achieves the dual goal of diversifying energy resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The presence of intermittent renewable sources and sudden nonlinear load changes can cause frequency deviations in isolated hybrid marine microgrids. To address this issue, the paper proposes a conventional PID (proportional–integral–derivative)-controller-based LFC (load frequency controller) which is optimized by meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, PSO (particle swarm optimization), GWO (grey wolf optimization) and hybrid PSO-GWO. The proposed LFC was designed using transfer functions of various microgrid components, with ITAE (integral time absolute error) and ITSE (integral time square error) serving as performance indices. The proposed LFC’s validation was performed through HIL (hardware-in-loop) real-time simulation using a DS 1104 R&D controller board, with simulation results showing the better performance of the optimized frequency response compared to the nonoptimized LFC controller in terms of rise time, fall time, slew rate and overshoot. The hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm performs better than the other optimization algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate the stability and robustness of the proposed controller. In summary, the proposed PID-controller-based LFC can regulate frequency deviation in standalone hybrid marine microgrids effectively.

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“…After receiving the information, the relay decides based on the principles concluded in Equations ( 9) and (10), to identify the faulty DLS and classify the fault nature. As the low bandwidth data transfer is required on short length DLSs, therefore communication delay will be equal to or less than 1 ms [44] resulting in negligible effect on the operation of the proposed protection scheme.…”

Section: Faulty Dls Identification Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed protection of medium voltage DC distribution system using modified mathematical morphology

Shah

Bukhari

Imran

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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One of the challenging issues in the realization of medium-voltage DC (MVDC) distribution system is high-speed protection scheme design against quickly rising short circuit fault-DC current. This paper proposes a high-speed protection scheme based on the processing of energy signals through mathematical morphology (MM). The voltage and current signals measured at a distribution line section (DLS) are used to obtain the energy signal. The proposed scheme develops a modified MM-based filter to extract the transient information in the energy signal rapidly and distinctly in the form of positive/negative polarity. The polarity detection of any disturbance in the analysed energy signal indicates the occurrence of a sudden disturbance in the system. The sudden disturbance occurrence confirmation triggers the faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms of the proposed scheme. The faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms are based on the detected polarities of the energy signal. The protection scheme requires low bandwidth communication. The proposed protection scheme is evaluated by using a ±2.5 kV radial distribution network containing 4 feeders under different fault conditions in MAT-LAB/SIMULINK software. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can isolate the faulty portion within a few milliseconds after fault inception under a variety of fault cases.

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Effects of Communication Signal Delay on the Power Grid: A Review

Cited by 20 publications

References 106 publications

Information Security Protection of Internet of Energy Using Ensemble Public Key Algorithm under Big Data

Information Security Protection of Internet of Energy Using Ensemble Public Key Algorithm under Big Data

Optimizing Load Frequency Control in Standalone Marine Microgrids Using Meta-Heuristic Techniques

High speed protection of medium voltage DC distribution system using modified mathematical morphology

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