Effects of competitive prey capture on flight behavior and sonar beam pattern in paired big brown bats,<i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>

Chiu, Chen; Reddy, Puduru Viswanadha; Xian, Wei; Krishnaprasad, P. S.; Moss, Cynthia F.

doi:10.1242/jeb.044818

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…By contrast, the falcons in our previous study (Kane and Zamani, 2014) flew through the unobstructed sky, so viewing the prey at a lateral angle was unproblematic. As both species frequently fixed prey at nonzero visual angles, this supports the hypothesis that these birds may collide with man-made objects because they often focus attention away from their forward direction (Lima et al, 2014;Martin et al, 2012).Other taxa have been found to use different pursuit-evasion strategies for different scenarios, including flies (Land, 1993), fiddler crabs (Land and Layne, 1995) and bats (Chiu et al, 2010; Ghose et al, 2006). Consequently, we caution that these findings for goshawks and falcons need not apply in every circumstance.…”

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confidence: 60%

Section: Pursuit-evasion In Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2B). CP has been observed for bees (Zhang et al, 1990), flies (Land, 1993;Trischler et al, 2010), beetles (Gilbert, 1997) and bats following conspecifics (Chiu et al, 2010) and chasing slow prey (Kalko and Schnitzler, 1998).To explain interception, in which the predator moves toward the prey's estimated future location (Collett and Land, 1978;Lanchester and Mark, 1975), it is useful to define the baseline vector, R, pointing from predator to prey, the bearing angle, ϕ, between R and v p , and the angle β between prey velocity v e and R (Fig. 2C).…”

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When hawks attack: animal-borne video studies of goshawk pursuit and prey-evasion strategies

Kane

Fulton

Rosenthal

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

114

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Video filmed by a camera mounted on the head of a Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) was used to study how the raptor used visual guidance to pursue prey and land on perches. A combination of novel image analysis methods and numerical simulations of mathematical pursuit models was used to determine the goshawk's pursuit strategy. The goshawk flew to intercept targets by fixing the prey at a constant visual angle, using classical pursuit for stationary prey, lures or perches, and usually using constant absolute target direction (CATD) for moving prey. Visual fixation was better maintained along the horizontal than vertical direction. In some cases, we observed oscillations in the visual fix on the prey, suggesting that the goshawk used finite-feedback steering. Video filmed from the ground gave similar results. In most cases, it showed goshawks intercepting prey using a trajectory consistent with CATD, then turning rapidly to attack by classical pursuit; in a few cases, it showed them using curving non-CATD trajectories. Analysis of the prey's evasive tactics indicated that only sharp sideways turns caused the goshawk to lose visual fixation on the prey, supporting a sensory basis for the surprising frequency and effectiveness of this tactic found by previous studies. The dynamics of the prey's looming image also suggested that the goshawk used a tau-based interception strategy. We interpret these results in the context of a concise review of pursuit-evasion in biology, and conjecture that some prey deimatic 'startle' displays may exploit tau-based interception.KEY WORDS: Pursuit-evasion, Predator-prey, Avian vision, Northern Goshawk, Visual guidance, Sensory ecology, Accipiter gentilis, Looming, Antipredator behavior, Startle effect INTRODUCTIONMany problems in the study of animal behavior require an integrated biomechanical and sensory ecology approach that considers the organism's locomotor and perceptual capabilities, its sensory cues and the dynamics of its behavioral responses (Fernández-Juricic, 2012;Martin, 2012). Animal-borne video methods (Rutz and Troscianko, 2013) now make it possible to measure the visual cues received by organisms in the field, revealing new information about, for example, how they move through their environment (BBC, 2009), interact with conspecifics (Takahashi et al., 2004) and use tools (Rutz et al., 2007). Recent studies have used the stable video recorded by cameras mounted on the heads of birds (headcams) to explore the visual strategies used by falcons chasing prey (Kane and Zamani, 2014) and peafowl detecting model predators (Yorzinski and Platt, 2014). Here, we report using headcam video to explore for the first time pursuit-evasion and landing behavior in the Northern Goshawk, Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) (hereafter, goshawk), a large diurnal raptor (Fig. 1). Biologically derived models have inspired robotic algorithms for swarming, following and collision avoidance (Mischiati and Krishnaprasad, 2012;Srinivasan, 2011), and the goshawk is of special inte...

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confidence: 60%

Section: Pursuit-evasion In Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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When hawks attack: animal-borne video studies of goshawk pursuit and prey-evasion strategies

Kane

Fulton

Rosenthal

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

114

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“…Previous studies suggested that bats deal with jamming by shifting their echolocation frequency (i.e. jamming avoidance [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]). This strategy has been shown in electric fish [15] and should reduce masking by partitioning the frequency range between the individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-board recordings reveal no jamming avoidance in wild bats

et al. 2015

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Animals often deal with situations in which vast sensory input is received simultaneously. They therefore must possess sophisticated mechanisms to select important input and ignore the rest. In bat echolocation, this problem is at its extreme. Echolocating bats emit sound signals and analyse the returning echoes to sense their environment. Bats from the same species use signals with similar frequencies. Nearby bats therefore face the difficulty of distinguishing their own echoes from the signals of other bats, a problem often referred to as jamming. Because bats commonly fly in large groups, jamming might simultaneously occur from numerous directions and at many frequencies. Jamming is a special case of the general phenomenon of sensory segregation. Another well-known example is the human problem of following conversation within a crowd. In both situations, a flood of auditory incoming signals must be parsed into important versus irrelevant information. Here, we present a novel method, fitting wild bats with a miniature microphone, which allows studying jamming from the bat's ‘point of view’. Previous studies suggested that bats deal with jamming by shifting their echolocation frequency. On-board recordings suggest otherwise. Bats shifted their frequencies, but they did so because they were responding to the conspecifics as though they were nearby objects rather than avoiding being jammed by them. We show how bats could use alternative measures to deal with jamming instead of shifting their frequency. Despite its intuitive appeal, a spectral jamming avoidance response might not be the prime mechanism to avoid sensory interference from conspecifics.

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“…Quantitative assessment of architecture of collective behaviour demands detailed analysis of trajectory data gathered in the field or laboratory, including statistical comparison of individual trajectory properties (such as curvatures) against feedback control laws of the type discussed in this paper (as in §3). With regard to two-agent interactions, we note previous work [13][14][15] on prey capture behaviour of echolocating bats as illustrative. In a recent study of flocks of starlings [16], and in the work on hierarchical structures in flight behaviour of flocks of (homing) pigeons [17], broad graph structural properties are inferred using statistical analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry and reduction in collectives: cyclic pursuit strategies

2013

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We specify and analyse models that capture the geometry of purposeful motion of a collective of mobile agents, with a focus on planar motion, dyadic strategies and attention graphs which are static, directed and cyclic. Strategies are formulated as constraints on joint shape space and are implemented through feedback laws for the actions of individual agents, here modelled as self-steering particles. By reduction to a labelled shape space (using a redundant parametrization to account for cycle closure constraints) and a further reduction through time rescaling, we characterize various special solutions (relative equilibria and pure shape equilibria) for cyclic pursuit with a constant bearing (CB) strategy. This is accomplished by first proving convergence of the (nonlinear) dynamics to an invariant manifold (the CB pursuit manifold), and then analysing the closedloop dynamics restricted to the invariant manifold. For illustration, we sketch some low-dimensional examples. This formulation-involving strategies, attention graphs and sensor-driven steering lawsand the resulting templates of collective motion, are part of a broader programme to interpret the mechanisms underlying biological collective motion.

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Effects of competitive prey capture on flight behavior and sonar beam pattern in paired big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus

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Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

When hawks attack: animal-borne video studies of goshawk pursuit and prey-evasion strategies

When hawks attack: animal-borne video studies of goshawk pursuit and prey-evasion strategies

On-board recordings reveal no jamming avoidance in wild bats

Symmetry and reduction in collectives: cyclic pursuit strategies

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