Effects of composition and structure on the performance of tin/graphene-containing carbon nanofibers for Li-ion anodes

Dufficy, Martin K.; Huang, Sheng-Yang; Khan, Saad A.; Fedkiw, Peter S.

doi:10.1039/c6ra26371b

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…We also note another intriguing aspect that the anodic and cathodic peaks of our SnS−Sn/CNT are distinct at 0.5 mV s −1 , yet those of other SnS electrodes were less discernible even at 0.1 mV s −1 . 42,43 The other two voltammograms of 8SnS−2Sn/CNT at 0.5 mV s −1 are very similar, Figure S3 (Supporting Information). The rate capacity results, Figure 4, enable us to select the electrode composition and the electrolyte.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The redox pair in the high potential range involves lithium reduction of SnS, 1.3–1.4 V, and incomplete conversion between Li 2 S and Sn back into SnS, 1.8–1.9 V. , Other redox pairs, in the low potential range, are lithiation and delithiation of tin alloying reactions. According to the early study of Courtney, followed by Dufficy, the most distinct redox pair, 0.32 (or 0.31) V and 0.65 (or 0.63) V, is lithiation/delithiation of Li 2.33 Sn (or Li 7 Sn 3 ). The other explicit redox pair is lithiation/delithiation of Li 0.4 Sn (or Li 2 Sn 5 ), which emerge at 0.61 (or 0.65) V and 0.80 V. The delithiation features at 0.48 (or 0.46) V are also perceptible, which may be attributed to Li 2.5 Sn or Li 2.6 Sn.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other redox pairs, in the low potential range, are lithiation and delithiation of tin alloying reactions. According to the early study of Courtney, 41 followed by Dufficy,42 the most distinct redox pair, 0.32 (or 0.31) V and 0.65 (or 0.63) V, is lithiation/delithiation of Li 2.33 Sn (or…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor with a Scaffold Electrode of Tin Sulfide and Tin Metal and Its Electrolyte Issue

et al. 2020

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In an effort to exploit low-cost tin and sulfur as active materials in lithium-ion hybrid capacitors, we prepare a SnS−Sn/carbon nanotube (CNT) negative electrode through molten slag coating of acidified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a minimum level of surface oxidation. The capacity of this sulfur-containing electrode behaves more reversibly and less decaying in an ether-based electrolyte of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and LiNO 3 than the generalpurpose electrolyte of LiPF 6 . On the positive electrode, a nitrogen-doped carbon, KPN900, is prepared in-house with a high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area of 3280 m 2 g −1 to increase the capacitance of microporous carbon. Intriguingly, the rate performance of the KPN900 electrode is slowed down by the LiTFSI electrolyte, compared with the LiPF 6 electrolyte, since a part of its capacitive component is switched to the diffusive component, while its total double-layer capacitance remains the same. Soaked in the LiTFSI electrolyte, a hybrid capacitor of KPN900//SnS− Sn/CNT, with a capacity of 97.5 mAh g −1 , is capable of storing an energy of 143 Wh kg −1 with a retrieving power of 148 W kg −1 , when the charging voltage is 3.8 V. The stability test of this cell, in a 4:1 mass ratio, shows a capacity retention of 78.8% after 2400 cycles of charging and discharging at 1.0 A g −1 .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor with a Scaffold Electrode of Tin Sulfide and Tin Metal and Its Electrolyte Issue

et al. 2020

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“…The following peaks in the range between 0.3 and 0.9 V correspond to a gradual dealloying of Li x Sn y [ 57 ]. A small broad peak at approximately 1.1 V, fading with the following cycles, can be attributed to partial oxidation of ~1 nm size Sn nanoparticles [ 61 , 62 ]. The cyclic voltammetry curves confirm the electrochemical activity of all components of the composites and indicate the creation of both high intercalation graphite stages (LiC 6 ) and high-lithium tin compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Design and Optimisation of Electrochemical Li-Ion Storage Properties of Ternary Silicon Oxycarbide/Graphite/Tin Nanocomposites

et al. 2022

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In this work, we present the characterization and electrochemical performance of various ternary silicon oxycarbide/graphite/tin (SiOC/C/Sn) nanocomposites as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. In binary SiOC/Sn composites, tin nanoparticles may be produced in situ via carbothermal reduction of SnO2 to metallic Sn, which consumes free carbon from the SiOC ceramic phase, thereby limiting the carbon content in the final ceramic nanocomposite. Therefore, to avoid drawbacks with carbon depletion, we used graphite as a substitute during the synthesis of precursors. The ternary composites were synthesized from liquid precursors and flake graphite using the ultrasound-assisted hydrosilylation method and pyrolysis at 1000 °C in an Ar atmosphere. The role of the graphitic component is to ensure good electric conductivity and the softness of the material, which are crucial for long term stability during alloying–dealloying processes. The presented approach allows us to increase the content of the tin precursor from 40 wt.% to 60 wt.% without losing the electrochemical stability of the final material. The charge/discharge capacity (at 372 mA g−1 current rate) of the tailored SiOC/C/Sn composite is about 100 mAh g−1 higher compared with that of the binary SiOC/Sn composite. The ternary composites, however, are more sensitive to high current rates (above 372 mA g−1) compared to the binary one because of the presence of graphitic carbon.

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“…Figure 13 c,d shows the CVs of the metallic Sn and SnO 2 formed on porous carbon nanofiber [ 178 ]. The CV curves of the metallic Sn on the porous carbon nanofiber exhibit the alloying/dealloying reactions: there is a prominent reduction attributed to Li–Sn alloying at around 0.35 V in the first cathodic scan, and the anodic scans show four distinct oxidation peaks at 0.52, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.81 V attributable to the dealloying of the Li x Sn alloys (e.g., Li 13 Sn 5 , Li 7 Sn 3 , LiSn, and Li 2 Sn 5 ) [ 179 , 180 , 181 ]. The CV curves of SnO 2 on the porous carbon nanofiber demonstrate the conversion and alloying/dealloying electrochemical reactions: reduction of tin to Sn 0 by conversion reaction and SEI formation at around 0.8 V and Li–Sn alloying (Sn + xLi + + xe – ↔ Li x Sn (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.4)) in the first cathodic scan, and dealloying from Li x Sn at around 0.6 V and the reversible oxidation of Sn 0 to Sn 2+ (1.3 V) and Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ (1.9 V) during the anodic scans [ 172 , 182 , 183 , 184 ].…”

Section: Alloying/dealloying Reaction-based Storage Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Advancements in Electrospun Anode Materials to Improve Rechargeable Lithium Battery Performance

Lee

2020

Polymers

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Although lithium-ion batteries have already had a considerable impact on making our lives smarter, healthier, and cleaner by powering smartphones, wearable devices, and electric vehicles, demands for significant improvement in battery performance have grown with the continuous development of electronic devices. Developing novel anode materials offers one of the most promising routes to meet these demands and to resolve issues present in existing graphite anodes, such as a low theoretical capacity and poor rate capabilities. Significant improvements over current commercial batteries have been identified using the electrospinning process, owing to a simple processing technique and a wide variety of electrospinnable materials. It is important to understand previous work on nanofiber anode materials to establish strategies that encourage the implementation of current technological developments into commercial lithium-ion battery production, and to advance the design of novel nanofiber anode materials that will be used in the next-generation of batteries. This review identifies previous research into electrospun nanofiber anode materials based on the type of electrochemical reactions present and provides insights that can be used to improve conventional lithium-ion battery performances and to pioneer novel manufacturing routes that can successfully produce the next generation of batteries.

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Effects of composition and structure on the performance of tin/graphene-containing carbon nanofibers for Li-ion anodes

Abstract: We use structure–composition relationships to engineer tin-containing nanofibers for Li-ion anodes that retain their capacities over 900 cycles.

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor with a Scaffold Electrode of Tin Sulfide and Tin Metal and Its Electrolyte Issue

Lithium-Ion Hybrid Capacitor with a Scaffold Electrode of Tin Sulfide and Tin Metal and Its Electrolyte Issue

Material Design and Optimisation of Electrochemical Li-Ion Storage Properties of Ternary Silicon Oxycarbide/Graphite/Tin Nanocomposites

A Review of Recent Advancements in Electrospun Anode Materials to Improve Rechargeable Lithium Battery Performance

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