Effects of concurrent and staggered dosing of semi-solid enteral nutrients on pharmacokinetic behavior of antiepileptic drugs after oral administration in rats

Abstract

Background The use of enteral nutrients plays a highly important role in accurate nutrition management, but limited information is currently available on the cautionary points of semi-solid enteral nutrients. Aim In this study, we examined whether the pharmacokinetic profiles of sodium valproate (SVA), levetiracetam (LEV), and carbamazepine (CBZ) are affected by altering the dosing time of RACOL®-NF Semi Solid for Enteral Use (RASS), a prescribed semi-solid formula. We also investigated whether the pharmacokinetic interaction observed in this study can be avoided by staggered dosing of the chemical drug and semi-solid enteral nutrient. Methods The plasma concentration of SVA, LEV and CBZ after oral administration was measured by LC-MS/MS method. Results There was no difference in pharmacokinetic characteristics of SVA and LEV when the dosing time of RASS was altered. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of CBZ after oral administration at all sampling points decreased with the extension of the dosing time of RASS, which was consistent with the Cmax and AUC. However, no significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic profiles or parameters of CBZ between the short-term and long-term RASS dosing groups by prolonging the administered interval of CBZ and RASS for 2 hr. Conclusion We concluded that the pharmacokinetic profiles of CBZ, but not SVA and LEV, after its oral administration are affected by the dosing time of RASS, but staggered administration of CBZ and RASS prevented their interaction.

Rheological and thermal properties of an enteral nutrition formula for nutritional support patients using a combined mixture of gelatin and maltodextrin

“…If the concentration exceeds the inversion threshold, the gel may become weakened due to the dispersion of gelatin within the continuous maltodextrin matrix as a discontinuous “filler” (Kasapis, Morris, Norton, & Clark, 1993b). Furthermore, the conducted examination of the heating process within the temperature range of 5°C–90°C indicated that the viscosity of the samples at room temperature ranged from 6540 to 9710 mPa s. According to previous reports, the viscosity ranges for this product at the same temperature, varies between 900 and 20,000 mPa s (Ichimaru & Amagai, 2015; Nagai et al, 2022; Shinozaki et al, 2021; Shizuku et al, 2011; Tabei et al, 2018). Hence, the present study has developed a semisolid product with a moderate viscosity, which has been previously mentioned as a potential candidate for utilization as an EN formula.…”

The differential effect of levetiracetam on memory and anxiety in rats

“…The drug is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration in rats. Plasma maximum concentration is observed about 1 h after single oral administration of LEV (54 mg/kg) in male rats [14] and food does not alter the pharmacokinetics of LEV [15].…”