Effects of Concussion on Attention and Executive Function in Adolescents

Howell, David R.; Osternig, Louis R.; Donkelaar, Paul; Mayr, Ulrich; Chou, Li-Shan

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182814595

Cited by 157 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…31 Visuospatial attention deficits are demonstrable in some patients with concussion. 27,33 Visuospatial attention can be separated into alerting, orienting, and executive components. The alerting component functions to maintain vigilance throughout performance of a continuous task-a new stimulus appears in a region of the visual field.…”

Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficits in both the orienting and executive components were found early (at 24-48 hours) and late (at 1-2 months) in patients postconcussion. 27,33 The deficits in the orienting component were mild, but the executive component was substantially affected. 27 The orienting deficit implies that regions of the superior parietal lobule, intraparietal sulcus of the posterior parietal cortex, and cingulate gyrus may be involved in the injury.…”

Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deficit in the executive component suggests involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex. 27,33 Eye-movement function also has been found to be impaired in postconcussion patients at 3 to 5 months after injury. 29 Saccades are small movements of the eyes to fix the target object onto the fovea, allowing detailed visual assessment.…”

Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gaming of Concussions: A Unique Intervention in Postconcussion Syndrome

Lynch

Anderson

Benton³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To present the case of 2 adolescent high school student-athletes who developed postconcussion syndrome with protracted and limiting visual complaints that markedly affected academic, social, and athletic activity for a year after the onset of symptoms. Both had significant improvement soon after a unique intervention was administered.Background: A 14-year-old female soccer and softball player sustained 2 concussions in the same week. She had persistent symptoms for a year that affected her grades and precluded athletic participation. A 15-year-old male football player sustained a concussion during an altercation with 2 other male adolescents. He continued to have symptoms 1 year later, with a marked decrease in academic performance and restriction from athletics. Both adolescents reported blurry vision, photophobia, and associated headache as significant components of the postconcussion syndrome.Differential Diagnosis: Concussion, postconcussion syndrome, skull fracture, subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma, second-impact syndrome, and visually sensitive migraine.Treatment: Both patients were advised to obtain computer gaming glasses to use throughout the day. The female patient was diligent in her use of the glasses, with marked lessening of symptoms. The male patient was less accepting of the glasses but did report lessening of symptoms when using the glasses.Uniqueness: We hypothesized that postconcussion syndrome with marked visual complaints would respond to and improve with decreased stimulation of the visual system. This was attempted with the addition of computer gaming glasses. Both adolescent athletes responded well to the filtering of visual stimuli by off-the-shelf computer gaming glasses.Conclusions: Postconcussion syndrome is a persistent condition with a myriad of symptoms. Two young athletes developed postconcussion syndrome with prominent visual symptoms that lasted a year. The addition of computer gaming glasses markedly lessened symptoms in both patients.

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Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Symptoms In Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gaming of Concussions: A Unique Intervention in Postconcussion Syndrome

Lynch

Anderson

Benton³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…On one hand, there is a need to prevent the worsening of concussion symptoms by over stimulating a concussed brain [12,13] and on the other, time out of school may increase the potential production of anxiety from missing school [10,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Management of Males and Females in Return to Learn and Return to Play after Concussion: An Observational Study

Hassen¹

2017

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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This study aimed to 1) Describe differences in medical management between males and females after a concussion, and 2) Explore factors associated with the number of days to Return to Learn (RTL) and Return to Play (RTP). 111 subjects, aged 12-19 with sports-related concussion participated. Independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Poisson regression were used to determine the predictors for the days to RTL and RTP. Females received recommendations for school and sports restrictions more often than males (p < 0.03), were held out of sports twice as long as males (p = 0.002), and did not have full RTL 3 times longer than males (p < 0.001). Post-Concussion Symptom Score at baseline was the only significant predictor of the number of days to RTL (p < 0.001) and sex was the only significant predictor of the number of days to RTP (p = 0.04). The results of this study demonstrate specific medical management differences between the sexes after concussion. Understanding these differences may aid in the development of sex specific guidelines for RTL/RTP.

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“…Residual organic disorders after mild TBIs are often considered in the framework of the minimum brain dysfunction caused by functional disturbance of the activating system of reticular formation of anterior parts of the brainstem and subcortical ganglions' nuclei functionally linked therewith [7,14,17,29]. According to the data provided by Russian and foreign researchers, 30% and 60-80% of children, correspondingly, develop post-concussion syndrome in the late TBI period marked by decrease in working capacity, memory defects, headaches, dizziness and sleep disorders [7,14,17,[29][30][31][32]. Some authors point out that one third of the patients who have had a mild TBI have a below the average intelligence quotient, and more than one half of the patients are not capable of returning to work for a year or more, whereas the structure of cognitive disorders is dominated by mild cognitive disturbances, which might be accompanied by school study difficulties: defects of memory and attention, inability to quickly shift from one type of activity to another etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Correction of Cognitive Disorders in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury Sequelae

Nemkova¹,

Заваденко²,

Маслова³

et al. 2014

Pediatr. farmakol.

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Diagnosis and correction of cognitive disorders in children with traumatic brain injury sequelaeAuthor affiliation: Nemkova Svetlana Aleksandrovna, PhD, Professor at the department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics at the pediatric faculty of the Pirogov RNMRU, senior research scientist at the department of cognitive pediatrics at the Research Institute of Preventive Pediatrics and Medical Rehabilitation of the SCCH (Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) Address: 2/62, Lomonosovskiy Ave., Moscow, 119991; tel.: +7 (985)

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Effects of Concussion on Attention and Executive Function in Adolescents

Abstract: Concussed adolescents have difficulty recovering executive function after injury and may require extended recuperation time before full recovery is achieved. Evaluations focusing on attention and executive function can be useful additions in the assessment and follow-up after head injury.

Cited by 157 publications

References 31 publications

The Gaming of Concussions: A Unique Intervention in Postconcussion Syndrome

The Gaming of Concussions: A Unique Intervention in Postconcussion Syndrome

Medical Management of Males and Females in Return to Learn and Return to Play after Concussion: An Observational Study

Diagnosis and Correction of Cognitive Disorders in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury Sequelae

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