Effects of condensed tannin-amended cassava silage blend diets on feeding behavior, digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

“…We can infer that CT can be considered as an additive for pornunça silages due to its strong affinity for proteins, polysaccharides and amino acids (Costa et al, 2020), acting in the reduction of the total nitrogen and ammonia contents of the ensiled mass, in addition to inhibiting growth microbial by increasing the aerobic stability of the silage after opening the silo (Nascimento et al, 2020), at levels up to 8%. However, the proportion of CT present in diets that will be offered to the ruminant will directly affect the productive performance of the animal, and further studies are needed in order to determine the appropriate level of CT to be used as an alternative additive in pornunça silages, so that do not limit the intake and acceptability of the diet offered.…”

“…The addition of CT levels above 5% DM can inhibit the animal's intake and reduce the digestibility of the silage (Martens et al, 2019), which will directly affect animal performance. However, Nascimento et al (2017) observed that the addition of 7.5% CT in silages of plants of the Manihot genus at 28 and 56 days of opening the silos did not affect the silage quality, promoting increases in the DM content and in the concentration of organic acids. Thus, the limit of addition of CT so that it can provide beneficial effects in silages of plants of the Manihot genus, especially pornunça silages, is not fully elucidated, as well it is not clear whether the amount added to the silages is sufficient to affect the chemical composition and the fermentative profile of silages at different opening times of silos.…”

“…The DM content (239.4 g/kg natural matter; Voltolini et al, 2019) below the recommended limit for the preparation of good quality silages (between 300 and 350 g/kg natural matter; McDonald et al, 1991) may favour secondary fermentation during ensiling by reducing the nutritional value of silage. Proteolysis can directly affect the animals' intake due to the presence of unpleasant odours or causing pathologies in the presence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium and enteric bacteria (Nascimento et al, 2017).…”

“…In addition, the formation of ammonia reduces the pH drop in the ensiling process, which is essential to produce deterioration-resistant silage (Jayanegara et al, 2018). Condensed tannins (CT) appear to have potential as protein protective agents during ensiling of forage plants due to their great affinity for amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides, which can slow down the decomposition of protein during ensiling (Martens et al, 2019), and lead the reduction of losses by effluent and gases (Nascimento et al, 2017;Syahniar et al, 2018). CT are inexpensive and easy to obtain, as they are widely distributed in forage plants adapted to the semi-arid (Silanikove et al, 2001).…”

Genome-Wide Identification of Reference Genes for Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR in Goat Rumen

“…Extensive studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms of digestion and absorption of nongrain feed in ruminants in order to improve the feed conversion efficiency, especially for pigs and chickens [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. As a unique digestive organ, the rumen is the main chamber for the absorption and transportation of nutrients, providing approximately 70% of energy for ruminants [ 20 ].…”