Effects of Congo red on wall synthesis and morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Vannini, G. L.; Poli, Ferruccio; Donini, A.; Pancaldi, Simonetta

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(83)90125-6

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This has been observed using Congo red or calcofluor white in the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum Haigler et al, 1980;Haigler & Benziman, 1982;Colvin & Witter, 1983), in algae (Quader, 198 1 ;Roberts et al, 1982;Schnepf et al, 1982;Quader et al, 1983), and in the cellular slime mould Polysphondylium pallidum (Choi & O'Day, 1984). Similar results have been described for the formation of chitin microfibrils in the alga Poterioochromonas stkitata (Herth, 1980), and in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Vannini et al, 1983) and Candida albicans (Elorza et al, 1983;Rico et al, 1985;Roncero & Duran, 1985). In yeasts, these dyes induce cell wall thickenings and formation of abnormal septa, with a lack of wall crystallinity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Morphogenetic effects of Congo red on hyphal growth and cell wall development of the fungus Saprolegnia monoica

Nodet

Capellano

Fèvre

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

~~Cultures of Sizprokgniiz modka were treated with Congo red, a dye which prevents glycan microfibril assembly. In the presence of the dye, the fungus developed cell wall thickenings and exhibited aberrant hyphal tips which expanded into spherical swellings. In the thickened cell walls, cellulose was produced as short microfibrils or amorphous material. These morphological anomalies were accompanied by changes in the localization of glucose incorporation into the cell wall which was not limited to the hyphal tips. Congo red uncouples the polymerization and crystallization of cellulose into normal microfibrils b d it is suggested'that the regular assembly of glucan chains into microfibrils is needed for normal hyphal morphogenesis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Morphogenetic effects of Congo red on hyphal growth and cell wall development of the fungus Saprolegnia monoica

Nodet

Capellano

Fèvre

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We tested the deacetylase deletion strains on five cell wall inhibitors that assess different aspects of cell wall integrity. SDS has been used extensively to test cell wall integrity, caffeine has been used to test signal transduction and cell integrity phenotypes in S. cerevisiae (29), Congo red is a dye that inhibits microfibril assembly of the cell wall (44,54), NaCl is used to test for osmotic stability, and CFW disrupts the assembly of chitin microfibrils (44) (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan, the Deacetylated Form of Chitin, Is Necessary for Cell Wall Integrity in Cryptococcus neoformans

Baker¹,

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The fungal cell wall is an excellent target for antifungal therapies as it is an essential organelle that provides cell structure and integrity, it is needed for the localization or attachment of known virulence factors, including the polysaccharide capsule, melanin, and phospholipase, and it is critical for host-pathogen interactions. In C. neoformans, chitosan produced by the enzymatic removal of acetyl groups from nascent chitin polymers has been implicated as an important component of the vegetative cell wall. In this study, we identify four putative chitin/polysaccharide deacetylases in C. neoformans. We have demonstrated that three of these deacetylases, Cda1, Cda2, and Cda3, can account for all of the chitosan produced during vegetative growth in culture, but the function for one, Fpd1, remains undetermined. The data suggest a model for chitosan production in vegetatively growing C. neoformans where the three chitin deacetylases convert chitin generated by the chitin synthase Chs3 into chitosan. Utilizing a collection of chitin/polysaccharide deacetylase deletion strains, we determined that during vegetative growth, chitosan helps to maintain cell integrity and aids in bud separation. Additionally, chitosan is necessary for maintaining normal capsule width and the lack of chitosan results in a "leaky melanin" phenotype. Our analysis indicates that chitin deacetylases and the chitosan made by them may prove to be excellent antifungal targets.

show abstract

“…For instance, both chs3⌬ and csr2⌬ were sensitive to YPD supplemented with 0.03% SDS or with 0.5 mg/ml caffeine or with 0.5% Congo red. SDS has been used extensively to test cell wall integrity, caffeine has been used to test signal transduction and cell integrity phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, and Congo red is a dye that inhibits microfibril assembly of the cell wall (55). Some differences were most notable after 7 days of growth, including a slightly slower growth at 30°C and the caffeine sensitivity.…”

Section: Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chitin Synthase and Its Regulator Protein Are Critical for Chitosan Production and Growth of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Banks¹,

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chitin is an essential component of the cell wall of many fungi. Chitin also can be enzymatically deacetylated to chitosan, a more flexible and soluble polymer. Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this work, we show that both chitin and chitosan are present in the cell wall of vegetatively growing C. neoformans yeast cells and that the levels of both rise dramatically as cells grow to higher density in liquid culture. C. neoformans has eight putative chitin synthases, and strains with any one chitin synthase deleted are viable at 30°C. In addition, C. neoformans genes encode three putative regulator proteins, which are homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Skt5p. None of these three is essential for viability. However, one of the chitin synthases (Chs3) and one of the regulators (Csr2) are important for growth. Cells with deletions in either CHS3 or CSR2 have several shared phenotypes, including sensitivity to growth at 37°C. The similarity of their phenotypes also suggests that Csr2 specifically regulates chitin synthesis by Chs3. Lastly, both chs3⌬ and the csr2⌬ mutants are defective in chitosan production, predicting that Chs3-Csr2 complex with chitin deacetylases for conversion of chitin to chitosan. These data suggest that chitin synthesis could be an excellent antifungal target.

show abstract

Effects of Congo red on wall synthesis and morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Morphogenetic effects of Congo red on hyphal growth and cell wall development of the fungus Saprolegnia monoica

Morphogenetic effects of Congo red on hyphal growth and cell wall development of the fungus Saprolegnia monoica

Chitosan, the Deacetylated Form of Chitin, Is Necessary for Cell Wall Integrity in Cryptococcus neoformans

A Chitin Synthase and Its Regulator Protein Are Critical for Chitosan Production and Growth of the Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About