Effects of continuous green and red light illumination on gonadal response in the English sparrow, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)

Ringoen, Adolph R.

doi:10.1002/aja.1000710105

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…red light) were found stimulatory and short light wavelengths (e.g. green or blue light) were found inhibitory or with no effects [3,5,9,14,18,22,25,26]. Although it is likely that the same photoreceptors are involved in the photoinduction of the gonadal maturation and the onset of photorefractoriness, and so the influence of wavelength should be similar, this has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 38%

“…A number of previous studies on this and other species support the role of light wavelength in avian photoperiodism (see especially [3,5,9,14,18,22,25,26]). A most accepted explanation for the wavelengthdependent effects is that the number of photons received by the photoreceptors at different wavelengths is different: greater the number of photons available larger is the effect [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

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The influence of light wavelength on reproductive photorefractoriness in migratory blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)

et al. 2001

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-There are two effects of long day length on reproductive responses in birds, one is the photoinduction of gonadal growth and maturation and the other is the induction of gonadal regression and photorefractoriness. Although it is likely that the same photoreceptors are involved in the photoinduction of gonadal growth and the onset and maintenance of photorefractoriness, and so the influence of wavelength should be similar, this has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the influence of light wavelength on reproductive photorefractoriness in the migratory male blackheaded bunting held under long photoperiods. In mid May, when photoperiod was approximately 14L:10D (14 hours light:10 hours darkness), eight groups of sexually mature birds were moved indoors on an artificial photoperiod of 14L:10D (L -450 lux, D -0 lux). Then after 3 weeks, for six groups, a 4-h light period in the morning (zt 0-4; zt 0 [zeitgeber time 0] refers to the beginning of lights-on period) or in the evening (zt 10-14) was substituted with green (428 nm), red (654 nm) or white light at 16 ± 2 lux intensity. Of the remaining two groups, one was maintained on 14L:10D and the other transferred to 10L:14D; these served as controls. At the end of 4 weeks, all birds were found to have undergone testicular regression, irrespective of LD cycle they were exposed to. When these gonadally regressed birds were subjected to 16L:8D for another 4 weeks, to test their responsiveness to the stimulatory effects of long day lengths, only those exposed to 10L:14D and 14L:10D with a 4-h green light period showed testicular regrowth. On the other hand, birds exposed to 14L:10D with a 4-h white or red light period remained fully regressed, similar to 14L:10D controls. Except for some individual difference, there was no difference in response between the groups that received a 4-h light period in the morning and that received it in the evening. These results suggest that the wavelengths of light influence induction of buntings from the photosensitive state into the photorefractory state. Whereas the short light wavelengths facilitated recovery from the photorefractoriness, the long light wavelengths were more effective in maintaining the photorefractoriness.bunting / photoperiod / photosensitivity / testis / wavelength Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41 (2001) 277-284 277

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

The influence of light wavelength on reproductive photorefractoriness in migratory blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)

et al. 2001

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“…Previous studies with birds have shown that a variety of species can use light perceived by extraretinal photoreeeptors located in the brain to mediate testicular recrudescence by stimulatory photoperiods (Benoit, 1970;Menaker etal., 1970;Gwinner et al, 1971;Homma and Sakakibara, 1971;Oishi and Lauber, 1973a;McMillan etal., 1975;Turek, 1975). In birds light in the orange-red region of the visible spectrum has been shown to be most effective in stimulating testis growth probably due to the fact that long wavelengths are most readily able to penetrate tissue, and thereby reach and stimulate receptors located in the brain (Bissonnette, 1932;Ringoen, 1942;Burger, 1943;Benoit et al, 1953Benoit et al, , 1954Benoit, 1970;Itomma and Sakakibara, 1971 ;Oishi and Lauber, 1973b;McMillan et al, 1975). In addition to the rather extensive documentation of the role of extraretinal photoreceptors in the photoperiodic response of birds there are a few studies which indicate that extraretinal photoreceptors may also be involved in mediating gonadal responses in some fish species (Rasquin and Rosenbloom, 1954;Urasaki, 1972Urasaki, , 1973.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Extraretinal light receptors can mediate photoperiodic photoreception in the male lizardAnolis carolinensis

Underwood

1975

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Summary. Testicular weight and spermatogenic activity in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis, is maintained under long (14 hr) photoperiods in the summer in both sighted and blinded lizards whereas short days (6 hr) cause testicular regression. In the fall, long photoperiods cause testicular recrudescence and maturation in blinded and blinded-parietalectomized anoles as well as in sighted anoles. In all cases the spermatogenic activity of the testes was similar in blind and sighted anoles but some significant differences between the testis weights of blind and sighted anoles in the fall were noted. This is the first demonstration that extraretinal photoreceptors can mediate gonadal responses to light in reptiles.

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“…It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from most early experiments on this subject because mixtures of natural and artificial light were used in the same days of treatment (Bissonnette, 1931). Other early studies did not control for different wavelengths of light from sources of differing intensities (e.g., Bissonnette and Wadlund, 1933); the importance of wavelength in the avian photoperiodic response was established more than 50 years ago (Ringoen, 1942;Benoit and Ott, 1944). There are even reports of both low and high light intensities causing convulsions and death in the African weaver finch (Rollo and Domm, 1943).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Light Intensity Alters the Perception of Day Length by Male European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

et al. 1998

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The breeding season of wild starlings is controlled by photoperiod. Full breeding condition is attained during exposure to lengthening days in the spring, and photorefractoriness ensues. The reproductive system of starlings will not subsequently be stimulated by long day lengths until photorefractoriness is dissipated by the short day lengths experienced in the autumn and winter. Unlike most studies on avian photoperiodism, this investigation involved manipulation of light intensity of a fixed photoperiod rather than of photoperiod itself. Photosensitive starlings transferred from short days to long days of different light intensities underwent graded reproductive responses according to the light intensity they experienced. Testes size in the group in the lowest intensity (3 lux) increased faster than that in controls on short days of normal intensity, but they did not become photorefractory. Testes size increased in the groups on 13, 45, and 108 lux and subsequently became photorefractory. However, the 13- and 45-lux groups required more time to become photorefractory than did the 108-lux group. The responses observed were similar to those seen in starlings exposed to different photoperiods (e.g., 11 h light:13 h dark [11L:13D], 13L:11D, 16L:8D, 18L:6D), even though all were on the same 18L:6D photoperiod. Initially, the results appear to challenge the external coincidence model for photoperiodic time measurement, but consideration of the phase response curve of the circadian rhythm of photoinducibility in starlings and the way in which it might be affected by low light intensities refute this challenge.

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Effects of continuous green and red light illumination on gonadal response in the English sparrow, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

The influence of light wavelength on reproductive photorefractoriness in migratory blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)

The influence of light wavelength on reproductive photorefractoriness in migratory blackheaded bunting (Emberiza melanocephala)

Extraretinal light receptors can mediate photoperiodic photoreception in the male lizardAnolis carolinensis

Decreased Light Intensity Alters the Perception of Day Length by Male European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

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