Effects of continuous infusion of etomidate at various dose rates on adrenal function in dogs

Qin, Bangyong; Hu, Hongzhuan; Cao, Baofeng

doi:10.1186/s12871-015-0171-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…Due to the incidence of adverse events, including myoclonus, haemolysis and cortisol suppression, etomidate may not be a favourable induction agent for the normal healthy patient and should be reserved for the cardio‐compromised patient (Muir & Mason 1989, Moon 1994, Qin et al . 2016). Midazolam has been reported to reduce the dose of etomidate required for induction and improve conditions for intubation compared to lidocaine or saline (Keating et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptive assessment of adverse events associated with midazolam‐etomidate versus saline‐etomidate in healthy hydromorphone premedicated dogs

Jones

Calbay

Cunha

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To determine the frequency, severity and duration of adverse events including myoclonus, pain on injection, hypersalivation, regurgitation and apnoea after administration of midazolam or saline followed by etomidate in hydromorphone premedicated dogs. Materials and Methods Dogs undergoing elective dental prophylaxis or soft tissue surgeries were enrolled in this randomised trial. Dogs were premedicated with hydromorphone 0.1 mg/kg IV. Sixty seconds later, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg or saline at an equivalent volume was administered IV. Sixty seconds after that, etomidate 1.5 mg/kg IV was administered over 60 seconds. Additional doses of 0.5 mg/kg etomidate were administered until endotracheal intubation was successful. Observers were blinded to the treatment. Frequency, duration and a severity score of 0 to 3 were recorded for myoclonus, pain on injection, hypersalivation and regurgitation. Duration of apnoea and frequency of any additional complications was recorded. Results Forty variable breed healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Myoclonus, pain on injection, regurgitation, hypersalivation, gagging, tachypnoea and pigmenturia occurred, respectively, in 10%, 40%, 0%, 15%, 35%, 25% and 5% of dogs in the saline group and 0%, 65%, 0%, 10%, 45%, 15% and 5% of dogs in the midazolam group. Apnoea occurred for 115 seconds (range 0 to 660 seconds) and 160 seconds (range 0 to 600 seconds) in the saline and midazolam groups, respectively. Two dogs developed pigmenturia. The trial was stopped early due to the occurrence of pigmenturia. Clinical Significance Due to early stopping of the trial, the predefined sample size was not reached. Further investigation is needed to determine if midazolam reduced the incidence of adverse events or improved the induction quality when combined with hydromorphone and etomidate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%