Effects of controlled breathing, mental activity and mental stress with or without verbalization on heart rate variability

Bernardi, Luciano; Wdowczyk-Szulc, Joanna; Valenti, Cinzia; Castoldi, Stefano; Passino, Claudio; Spadacini, Giammario; Sleight, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00595-7

Cited by 432 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Immediately the resting, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was also recorded. Subjects were then be asked to perform the serial subtraction task (a type of mental stress task) wherein the subject serially subtracts the number seven from a large number (eg 1024) and also vocalising the results of each step [14]. Lead II ECG and BP recordings were obtained during the mental stress task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2014

JCDR

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Background: It is a well known fact that normally female sex hormone levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. The presence of receptors for these hormones on both heart and blood vessels may also hint at variations in physiological functions during menstrual cycle. So this study was an attempt to determine whether the follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle are characterized by variations in cardiovascular parameters in the resting state and also examine changes in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress challenge during both the phases of menstrual cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2014

JCDR

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“…A slower respiratory rate would give a slightly higher HF component (as an artifact) and could account for the non-significant tendency for a higher HF component in the women with PMS compared with controls. Investigators of HRV in subjects who are awake have attempted to minimize the influence of respiratory rate by controlling breathing rates, but controlled breathing can also impact HRV measures (39), and obviously cannot be done during sleep. We did not find any difference in HFfr between menstrual phases in either study group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep in the symptomatic phase of severe premenstrual syndrome

Baker

Colrain

Trinder

2008

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective-Severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common, distressing disorder in women that manifests during the premenstrual (late-luteal) phase of the ovulatory menstrual cycle. There is some evidence that altered autonomic function may be an important component of PMS but few studies have used heart rate variability (HRV), as a sensitive marker of autonomic activity, in severe PMS and findings are conflicting.Methods-We investigated HRV during sleep, a state relatively free of external disruptions, in nine women with severe PMS and twelve controls.Results-The normal-to-normal (NN) RR-interval was shorter during the sleep period in women with PMS than in controls in both the follicular and late-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN), a measure of total variability in the inter-beat interval, was lower during the sleep period in the late-luteal phase than in the follicular phase in women with PMS. The square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (rMSSD), a measure reflecting high frequency activity, showed a similar pattern. High frequency power, a marker of parasympathetic activity, was lower during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM sleep in the late-luteal phase than in the follicular phase in women with severe PMS. Controls had a shorter NN-interval, but similar HRV measures, in the late-luteal phase compared with the follicular phase.Conclusion-These results suggest that women with severe PMS have decreased parasympathetic activity during sleep in association with their premenstrual symptoms compared to when they are symptom-free.

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“…Previous studies [30] have shown that this procedure, if properly performed, does not induce major modifications in the autonomic tone, yet allows correct analysis of HRV by removing artefact effects of irregular respiration into the low-frequency band [31]. Subsequently, participants were asked to take deep breaths at a fixed frequency of six breaths per minute for 1 min.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early autonomic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: a reversible disorder?

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of early autonomic abnormalities is relatively high compared with the frequency of manifest clinical abnormalities. Thus, early autonomic dysfunction could to some extent be functional and might lead to an organic disease in a subgroup of patients only. If this is true, manoeuvres such as slow deep-breathing, which can improve baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in normal but not in denervated hearts, could also modify autonomic modulation in patients with type 1 diabetes, despite autonomic dysfunction.Methods We compared 116 type 1 diabetic patients with 36 matched healthy control participants and 12 hearttransplanted participants with surgically denervated hearts. Autonomic function tests and spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability were performed. BRS was estimated by four methods during controlled (15 breaths per minute) and slow deep-breathing (six breaths per minute), and in supine and standing positions. Results Conventional autonomic function tests were normal, but resting spectral variables and BRS were reduced during normal controlled breathing in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, slow deep-breathing improved BRS in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not in patients with surgically denervated hearts. Standing induced similar reductions in BRS in diabetic and control participants. Conclusions/interpretation Although we found signs of increased sympathetic activity in patients with type 1 diabetes, we also observed a near normalisation of BRS with a simple functional test, indicating that early autonomic derangements are to a large extent functional and potentially correctable by appropriate interventions.

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Effects of controlled breathing, mental activity and mental stress with or without verbalization on heart rate variability

Abstract: Simple mental and verbal activities markedly affect HRV through changes in respiratory frequency. This possibility should be taken into account when analyzing HRV without simultaneous acquisition and analysis of respiration.

Cited by 432 publications

References 13 publications

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Study of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep in the symptomatic phase of severe premenstrual syndrome

Early autonomic dysfunction in type 1 diabetes: a reversible disorder?

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