Effects of cooling rate and strain rate on phase transformation, microstructure and mechanical behaviour of thermomechanically processed pearlitic steel

Dey, Indrajit; Ghosh, S. K.; Saha, Rajib

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.04.006

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Studies have shown that the atomic arrangement at grain boundaries is disordered, leading to the easy segregation and nucleation of V at grain boundaries [ 24 , 48 ]. The high density of dislocations between pearlite lamellae can capture free carbon atoms, making these sites preferential for VC nucleation [ 49 , 50 ]. With an increase in V content, the PTT curves shift to the left, and the critical precipitation temperatures for homogeneous nucleation, grain boundary nucleation, and dislocation line nucleation increase from 570.6, 676.9, and 692.4 °C to 634.6, 748.5, and 755.5 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

Zhang,

Gu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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High-carbon hardline steels are primarily used for the manufacture of tire beads for both automobiles and aircraft, and vanadium (V) microalloying is an important means of adjusting the microstructure of high-carbon hardline steels. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure and precipitation phases of continuous cooled high-carbon steels were characterized, and the vanadium content, carbon diffusion coefficient, and critical precipitation temperature were calculated. The results showed that as the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the interlamellar spacing (ILS) of the pearlite in the experimental steel decreased to 0.110 μm, and the carbon diffusion coefficient in the experimental steel decreased to 0.98 × 10−3 cm2·s−1. The pearlite content in the experimental steel with 0.02 wt.% V reached its maximum at a cooling rate of 5 °C·s−1, and a small amount of bainite was observed in the experimental steel at a cooling rate of 10 °C·s−1. The precipitated phase was VC with a diameter of ~24.73 nm, and the misfit between ferrite and VC was 5.02%, forming a semi-coherent interface between the two. Atoms gradually adjust their positions to allow the growth of VC along the ferrite direction. As the V content increased to 0.06 wt.%, the precipitation-temperature-time curve (PTT) shifted to the left, and the critical nucleation temperature for homogeneous nucleation, grain boundary nucleation, and dislocation line nucleation increased from 570.6, 676.9, and 692.4 °C to 634.6, 748.5, and 755.5 °C, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

Zhang,

Gu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The martensite crystals lattice parameters differ with carbon content and temperature. The tetragonality of the martensite crystal is near not exist in low carbon steel with less than 0.6wt% of carbon [18].…”

Section: Microstructure Theorymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The formation of pearlite, ferrite and bainite may occur before martensite forming completely, if the cooling rate is low. The cooling rate affects the transformation of austenite into various microstructural components that specify the final mechanical properties [18]. The mechanical properties of steels such as strength increase, when the concentration of carbon dissolved in austenite during heating which is because of transformation of austenite into martensite.…”

Section: Quenchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on Low Carbon Steel in Rapid Cooling Process

Abdullah¹,

Sazali²

2020

ARMS

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For heat treatment process on metal that are engaging with the physical and mechanical properties changes such as cooling and heating. The techniques for heat treatment including case hardening, annealing, tempering and precipitation strengthening, quenching and tempering. The mechanical properties like hardness, toughness and ductility can be altered by intense heat treating on steel and cooled it using different methods to produce different mechanical properties. This matters with the low carbon content in low carbon steel such as mildsteel behaviours after the heat treating depending on the thickness of the steel. To change the characteristics of steels is by heat treating whereby altering the diffusion and cooling rate within its microstructure by changing the grain size at different phases and changing the molecular arrangement. The mechanical properties of the steel with different thickness may be different due to the microstructure behaviour after heating and rapid cooling process. Finally, the behaviour of the microstructure of low carbon steel changes with different thickness that is affecting the mechanical properties after heating and quenching process.

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“…Simultaneously, the internal microstructure of the material undergoes a complex evolution, including recrystallization, grain growth, and phase transformation [ 5 , 11 , 14 , 15 ]. Scientific research has shown that fine control of hot-rolling parameters, such as the heating temperature, degree of deformation, deformation speed, and cooling rate, can manipulate the material’s microstructure at the microscopic level, thus achieving targeted performance design at the macroscopic scale [ 16 , 17 ]. For example, in the development of ultra-high-strength steel for bridge cables, hot rolling is not only a means to achieve the desired shape but also a key technological pathway for optimizing material properties and enhancing structural safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Niobium-Microalloying Ultra-High-Strength Bridge Cable Steel during Hot Rolling

Zhou,

Yu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study focuses on exploring the effects of niobium (Nb)-microalloying on the properties of steel for ultra-high-strength bridge cables during hot-rolling processes. We employed a combination of dual-pass compression tests, stress–strain curve analysis, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) techniques to investigate the influence of Nb-microalloying on the static recrystallization behavior and grain size of the steel. The key findings reveal that Nb-microalloying effectively inhibits static recrystallization, particularly at higher temperatures, significantly reducing the volume fraction of recrystallized grains, resulting in a finer grain size and enhanced deformation resistance. Secondly, at a deformation temperature of 975 °C, Nb-containing steel exhibited finer grain sizes compared to Nb-free steel when held for 10 to 50 s; however, the grain size growth accelerated when the hold time exceeded 50 s, likely linked to the increased deformation resistance induced by Nb. Lastly, this research proposes optimal hot-rolling process parameters for new bridge cable steel, recommending specific finishing rolling temperatures and inter-pass times for both Nb-containing and Nb-free steels during the roughing and finishing stages. This study suggests optimal hot-rolling parameters for both Nb-containing and Nb-free steels, providing essential insights for improving hot-rolling and microalloying processes in high-carbon steels for bridge cables.

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Effects of cooling rate and strain rate on phase transformation, microstructure and mechanical behaviour of thermomechanically processed pearlitic steel

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling

A Mini Review on Low Carbon Steel in Rapid Cooling Process

The Performance of Niobium-Microalloying Ultra-High-Strength Bridge Cable Steel during Hot Rolling

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