Effects of cooling the legs on performance in a standard Wingate anaerobic power test.

Crowley, Geoff; Garg, Arun; Lohn, M S; Someren, N Van; Wade, A J

doi:10.1136/bjsm.25.4.200

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Crowley et al (1991) found that in subjects performing a test of maximal power output there was not only the expected profound loss of power when the subjects' legs were chilled by a few degrees Celsius (in agreement with previous reports, e.g. Bergh and Ekblom 1979), but also the cumulated work capacity under these conditions was greatly reduced.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of muscle temperature during fatiguing work with the first dorsal interosseous muscle in man: a 31 P-NMR spectroscopy study

Wade

Broadhead

Cady

et al. 2000

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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Six healthy subjects rapidly lifted and lowered a small (250 g) weight with the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) of one hand while the work performed was recorded continuously until fatigue (defined as losing the ability to continue lifting). Work was recorded in units of chart recorder trace displacement from baseline (centimeters) as an isotonic transducer followed the movement of the weight. In all experiments, the temperature of the hand was first adjusted by immersion in a controlled-temperature water bath. In the warmest condition, the skin surface temperature over the FDI was 30.5(0.30) degrees C [mean (SE)]. After moderate cooling, this surface temperature was 21.5(0.16) degrees C. Cooling significantly reduced the time taken to reach fatigue and more than halved the work capacity. An intermediate degree of cooling was also used in four subjects, showing that most of the effects seen were changing incrementally. Before work, and at fatigue, intracellular metabolic conditions in the FDI were studied by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy, with occlusion of the blood flow maintained during measurements. The mean intracellular pH of the FDI was also calculated. The changes observed were all consistent with the fact that intense work requires energy which must be derived largely from intracellular stores of phosphocreatine and glycogen. Less work made less demand upon reserves, and created lower concentrations of waste products and by-products. The observations did not, however, allow us to explain why fatigue occurred at a particular point or why work capacity was reduced by cooling.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Influence of muscle temperature during fatiguing work with the first dorsal interosseous muscle in man: a 31 P-NMR spectroscopy study

Wade

Broadhead

Cady

et al. 2000

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Most researchers have addressed the effects of local cold treatments, where particular parts of the body were cooled or whole body was immersed in cold water on the level of chosen motor abilities or physical work capacity, under different temperatures [30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Others evaluated the influence of cooling on the rate of recovery following injuries [19,22,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the ten sessionsof the whole body cryostimulationon aerobic and anaerobic capacity

Klimek

Lubkowska²,

Szyguła³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of whole body cryostimulation on aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Materials and Methods: To test the hypothesis that whole body cryostimulation improves physical capacity, thirty subjects (fifteen males and fifteen females) undertook two ergocycle trials before and after the ten sessions of cryogenic chamber treatment. To assess baseline aerobic capacity, the progressive cycle ergometer test was applied. This allowed determination of maximal oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds. Twenty-second Wingate test was performed to assess baseline levels of anaerobic power. After finishing the treatments in the cryogenic chamber, the exercise protocol was repeated. Before the first, and after the last whole body cryostimulation, venous blood samples were drawn to determine basic blood values, including levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. Results: There were no changes in aerobic capacity, in both females and males, after ten sessions of 3-minute-long exposures to cryogenic temperature (-130°C). Participation in the whole body cryostimulation caused an increase in maximal anaerobic power in males (from 11.1 to 11.9 W×kg -1 ; P < 0.05), but not in females. Conclusions: It can be concluded that whole body cryostimulation can be beneficial, at least in males, for increasing anaerobic capacity in sport disciplines involving speed and strength.

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“…In the conducted research, significant reduction was observed in this variable after the cooling treatment in both sexes, thus it was concluded that single whole body cryostimulation treatment could influence speed endurance significantly in short physical efforts of supramaximal intensity. Crowley et al [29] showed a decrease in maximal anaero bic power, average power, and total external work during a Wingate test after local cooling of the lower limbs. At the same time, he observed a smaller drop in the level of the fatigue index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A short warmup prior to exercise may effectively diminish the negative effects of whole body cooling by elevating deep muscle temperature, thus confirming the thesis presented ear lier that incorporating a warmup procedure after whole accessible literature. Most scientists have addressed the effects of local cryotherapy treatments, where particu lar parts of the body were cooled, on the level of chosen motor abilities or physical work capacity, under different temperatures [18,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. Other authors evaluated the in fluence of local cooling on the rate of recovery following injuries [20,22,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of single whole body cryostimulation treatment on the dynamics and the level of maximal anaerobic power

Klimek¹,

Lubkowska²,

Szyguła³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The objective of this work was to determine the dynamics of maximal anaerobic power (MAP) of the lower limbs, following a single whole body cryostimulation treatment (WBC), in relation to the temperature of thigh muscles. Materials and Methods: The subjects included 15 men and 15 women with an average age (±SD) of 21.6±1.2 years. To evaluate the level of ana erobic power, the Wingate test was applied. The subjects were submitted to 6 WBC treatments at -130°C once a day. After each session they performed a single Wingate test in the 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90th min after leaving the cryogenic chamber. The order of the test was randomized. All Wingate tests were preceded by an evaluation of thigh surface temperature with the use of a ther movisual camera. Results: The average thigh surface temperature (T av ) in both men and women dropped significantly after the whole body cryostimulation treatment, and next increased gradually. In women T av remained decreased for 75 min, whereas in men it did not return to the basal level until 90th min. A statistically insignificant decrease in MAP was observed in women after WBC. On the contrary, a non-significant increase in MAP was observed in men. The course of changes in MAP following the treatment was similar in both sexes to the changes in thigh surface temperature, with the exception of the period between 15th and 30th min. The shorter time to obtain MAP was observed in women till 90th min and in men till 45 min after WBC compared to the initial level. Conclusions: A single whole body cryostimulation may have a minor influence on short-term physical performance of supra maximal intensity, but it leads to improvement of velocity during the start as evidenced by shorter time required to obtain MAP.

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Effects of cooling the legs on performance in a standard Wingate anaerobic power test.

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of muscle temperature during fatiguing work with the first dorsal interosseous muscle in man: a 31 P-NMR spectroscopy study

Influence of muscle temperature during fatiguing work with the first dorsal interosseous muscle in man: a 31 P-NMR spectroscopy study

Influence of the ten sessionsof the whole body cryostimulationon aerobic and anaerobic capacity

The influence of single whole body cryostimulation treatment on the dynamics and the level of maximal anaerobic power

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